Assessing the adverse effects of a mixture of AMD and sewage effluent on a sub-tropical dam situated in a nature conservation area using a modified pollution index
Currently water resources in nature conservation areas are under severe pressure due to external drivers of anthropogenic pollution. There is a lack of monitoring tools to determine water quality status of dams situated in nature reserves receiving a mixture of pollutants over space and time. The pr...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Environmental Research 2021-04, Vol.15 (2), p.321-333 |
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| creator | Oberholster, Petrus F. Goldin, Jaqueline Xu, Yongxin Kanyerere, Thokozani Oberholster, Paul J. Botha, Anna-Maria |
| description | Currently water resources in nature conservation areas are under severe pressure due to external drivers of anthropogenic pollution. There is a lack of monitoring tools to determine water quality status of dams situated in nature reserves receiving a mixture of pollutants over space and time. The present study was conducted over a 12-month period with the aim of applying a modified pollution index (
PILD
) to determine the water quality and phytoplankton status of the Loskop Dam situated in the Loskop nature reserve, South Africa. From the data generated in the current study, it was evident that the
PILD
effectively determined nutrient enrichment and heavy metal pollution in the dam. Furthermore, the study showed that the most pollution tolerant phytoplankton species was the diatom
Melosira varians
followed by the dinoflagellate
Ceratuim hirundinella
and the cyanobacteria
Microcystis aeruginosa.
Chemical variables during the sampling period that exceeded the limits of the South African, Canadian, Australia and New Zealand guideline levels were Zn, TP, Cl, Fe, Mn and NH
4
. The occurrence of concentrations of Cl above the target water quality range for aquatic ecosystems (5 µgl
−1
) over the entire sampling period, may have been related to point source sewage pollution in the upper catchment. The
PILD
showed poor water quality conditions during the months of September and October during the dam’s destratification (lake overturn). By modifying an existing index to incorporate physico-chemical variables that are strongly related to a mixture of pollutants, it should have application on global scale applied to different waterbodies with differ phytoplankton indicator species across different geographical regions. Furthermore, it could also in the future serve as a decision support tool for conservation managers to determine the pollution status of a dam situated in nature conservation areas receiving a mixture of pollutants.
Graphic abstract |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s41742-021-00315-3 |
| format | Article |
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PILD
) to determine the water quality and phytoplankton status of the Loskop Dam situated in the Loskop nature reserve, South Africa. From the data generated in the current study, it was evident that the
PILD
effectively determined nutrient enrichment and heavy metal pollution in the dam. Furthermore, the study showed that the most pollution tolerant phytoplankton species was the diatom
Melosira varians
followed by the dinoflagellate
Ceratuim hirundinella
and the cyanobacteria
Microcystis aeruginosa.
Chemical variables during the sampling period that exceeded the limits of the South African, Canadian, Australia and New Zealand guideline levels were Zn, TP, Cl, Fe, Mn and NH
4
. The occurrence of concentrations of Cl above the target water quality range for aquatic ecosystems (5 µgl
−1
) over the entire sampling period, may have been related to point source sewage pollution in the upper catchment. The
PILD
showed poor water quality conditions during the months of September and October during the dam’s destratification (lake overturn). By modifying an existing index to incorporate physico-chemical variables that are strongly related to a mixture of pollutants, it should have application on global scale applied to different waterbodies with differ phytoplankton indicator species across different geographical regions. Furthermore, it could also in the future serve as a decision support tool for conservation managers to determine the pollution status of a dam situated in nature conservation areas receiving a mixture of pollutants.
Graphic abstract</description><identifier>ISSN: 1735-6865</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2008-2304</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s41742-021-00315-3</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Anthropogenic factors ; Aquatic ecosystems ; Aquatic resources ; Canada ; Conservation areas ; Cyanobacteria ; Dams ; Decision support systems ; Destratification ; Dinoflagellates ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Environmental Management ; Environmental monitoring ; External pressure ; Geoecology/Natural Processes ; Heavy metals ; Indicator species ; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning ; Manganese ; Microcystis ; Natural areas ; Natural Hazards ; Nature conservation ; Nature reserves ; Nutrient enrichment ; Phytoplankton ; Plankton ; Pollutants ; Pollution ; Pollution effects ; Pollution index ; Pollution monitoring ; Pollution sources ; Pollution tolerance ; Research Paper ; Sampling ; Sewage ; Sewage effluents ; South Africa ; Water conservation ; Water pollution ; Water quality ; Water resources</subject><ispartof>International Journal of Environmental Research, 2021-04, Vol.15 (2), p.321-333</ispartof><rights>University of Tehran 2021</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer</rights><rights>University of Tehran 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-d81a8145d8f1e77b40e007290e81eb56c2bcebbce365e1634e62ff99c74724b13</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-d81a8145d8f1e77b40e007290e81eb56c2bcebbce365e1634e62ff99c74724b13</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9868-1566</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s41742-021-00315-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41742-021-00315-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Oberholster, Petrus F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldin, Jaqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Yongxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanyerere, Thokozani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oberholster, Paul J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Botha, Anna-Maria</creatorcontrib><title>Assessing the adverse effects of a mixture of AMD and sewage effluent on a sub-tropical dam situated in a nature conservation area using a modified pollution index</title><title>International Journal of Environmental Research</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res</addtitle><description>Currently water resources in nature conservation areas are under severe pressure due to external drivers of anthropogenic pollution. There is a lack of monitoring tools to determine water quality status of dams situated in nature reserves receiving a mixture of pollutants over space and time. The present study was conducted over a 12-month period with the aim of applying a modified pollution index (
PILD
) to determine the water quality and phytoplankton status of the Loskop Dam situated in the Loskop nature reserve, South Africa. From the data generated in the current study, it was evident that the
PILD
effectively determined nutrient enrichment and heavy metal pollution in the dam. Furthermore, the study showed that the most pollution tolerant phytoplankton species was the diatom
Melosira varians
followed by the dinoflagellate
Ceratuim hirundinella
and the cyanobacteria
Microcystis aeruginosa.
Chemical variables during the sampling period that exceeded the limits of the South African, Canadian, Australia and New Zealand guideline levels were Zn, TP, Cl, Fe, Mn and NH
4
. The occurrence of concentrations of Cl above the target water quality range for aquatic ecosystems (5 µgl
−1
) over the entire sampling period, may have been related to point source sewage pollution in the upper catchment. The
PILD
showed poor water quality conditions during the months of September and October during the dam’s destratification (lake overturn). By modifying an existing index to incorporate physico-chemical variables that are strongly related to a mixture of pollutants, it should have application on global scale applied to different waterbodies with differ phytoplankton indicator species across different geographical regions. Furthermore, it could also in the future serve as a decision support tool for conservation managers to determine the pollution status of a dam situated in nature conservation areas receiving a mixture of pollutants.
Graphic abstract</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Aquatic resources</subject><subject>Canada</subject><subject>Conservation areas</subject><subject>Cyanobacteria</subject><subject>Dams</subject><subject>Decision support systems</subject><subject>Destratification</subject><subject>Dinoflagellates</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>External pressure</subject><subject>Geoecology/Natural Processes</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Indicator species</subject><subject>Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Microcystis</subject><subject>Natural areas</subject><subject>Natural Hazards</subject><subject>Nature conservation</subject><subject>Nature reserves</subject><subject>Nutrient enrichment</subject><subject>Phytoplankton</subject><subject>Plankton</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Pollution effects</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Pollution monitoring</subject><subject>Pollution sources</subject><subject>Pollution tolerance</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Sampling</subject><subject>Sewage</subject><subject>Sewage effluents</subject><subject>South Africa</subject><subject>Water conservation</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water resources</subject><issn>1735-6865</issn><issn>2008-2304</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU1v3CAQhq2qlbpK8wd6QurZKV_G5rhKPxIpVS_tGWE8bIi8sGVwmv6e_tGwdqXcCkIjmPeZAd6mec_oFaO0_4iS9ZK3lLOWUsG6VrxqdpzSoeWCytfNjvWia9WgurfNJeIDrUNoraTaNX_3iIAY4oGUeyB2eoSMQMB7cAVJ8sSSY3gqS4bzZv_tE7FxIgi_7WGVzQvEQlKsOlzGtuR0Cs7OZLJHgqEstsBEwjkd7VrFpYiQH20JZyiDJcvavvZJU_Chyk9pnpc1H-IET--aN97OCJf_4kXz88vnH9c37d33r7fX-7vWScpLOw3MDkx20-AZ9P0oKdTf4ZrCwGDslOOjg7EuoTpgSkhQ3HutXS97LkcmLpoPW91TTr8WwGIe0pJjbWl4J7SgTNO-qq421cHOYEL0qWTr6pzgGOrjwId6vu-pUlxrOVSAb4DLCTGDN6ccjjb_MYyas4FmM9BUA81qoBEVEhuEVRwPkF_u8h_qGZE_n20</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Oberholster, Petrus F.</creator><creator>Goldin, Jaqueline</creator><creator>Xu, Yongxin</creator><creator>Kanyerere, Thokozani</creator><creator>Oberholster, Paul J.</creator><creator>Botha, Anna-Maria</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IAO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-1566</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Assessing the adverse effects of a mixture of AMD and sewage effluent on a sub-tropical dam situated in a nature conservation area using a modified pollution index</title><author>Oberholster, Petrus F. ; Goldin, Jaqueline ; Xu, Yongxin ; Kanyerere, Thokozani ; Oberholster, Paul J. ; Botha, Anna-Maria</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c402t-d81a8145d8f1e77b40e007290e81eb56c2bcebbce365e1634e62ff99c74724b13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Aquatic ecosystems</topic><topic>Aquatic resources</topic><topic>Canada</topic><topic>Conservation areas</topic><topic>Cyanobacteria</topic><topic>Dams</topic><topic>Decision support systems</topic><topic>Destratification</topic><topic>Dinoflagellates</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</topic><topic>Environmental Management</topic><topic>Environmental monitoring</topic><topic>External pressure</topic><topic>Geoecology/Natural Processes</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Indicator species</topic><topic>Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>Microcystis</topic><topic>Natural areas</topic><topic>Natural Hazards</topic><topic>Nature conservation</topic><topic>Nature reserves</topic><topic>Nutrient enrichment</topic><topic>Phytoplankton</topic><topic>Plankton</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Pollution effects</topic><topic>Pollution index</topic><topic>Pollution monitoring</topic><topic>Pollution sources</topic><topic>Pollution tolerance</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Sampling</topic><topic>Sewage</topic><topic>Sewage effluents</topic><topic>South Africa</topic><topic>Water conservation</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water resources</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Oberholster, Petrus F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goldin, Jaqueline</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Yongxin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kanyerere, Thokozani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oberholster, Paul J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Botha, Anna-Maria</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Academic OneFile</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Environmental Research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Oberholster, Petrus F.</au><au>Goldin, Jaqueline</au><au>Xu, Yongxin</au><au>Kanyerere, Thokozani</au><au>Oberholster, Paul J.</au><au>Botha, Anna-Maria</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessing the adverse effects of a mixture of AMD and sewage effluent on a sub-tropical dam situated in a nature conservation area using a modified pollution index</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Environmental Research</jtitle><stitle>Int J Environ Res</stitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>321</spage><epage>333</epage><pages>321-333</pages><issn>1735-6865</issn><eissn>2008-2304</eissn><abstract>Currently water resources in nature conservation areas are under severe pressure due to external drivers of anthropogenic pollution. There is a lack of monitoring tools to determine water quality status of dams situated in nature reserves receiving a mixture of pollutants over space and time. The present study was conducted over a 12-month period with the aim of applying a modified pollution index (
PILD
) to determine the water quality and phytoplankton status of the Loskop Dam situated in the Loskop nature reserve, South Africa. From the data generated in the current study, it was evident that the
PILD
effectively determined nutrient enrichment and heavy metal pollution in the dam. Furthermore, the study showed that the most pollution tolerant phytoplankton species was the diatom
Melosira varians
followed by the dinoflagellate
Ceratuim hirundinella
and the cyanobacteria
Microcystis aeruginosa.
Chemical variables during the sampling period that exceeded the limits of the South African, Canadian, Australia and New Zealand guideline levels were Zn, TP, Cl, Fe, Mn and NH
4
. The occurrence of concentrations of Cl above the target water quality range for aquatic ecosystems (5 µgl
−1
) over the entire sampling period, may have been related to point source sewage pollution in the upper catchment. The
PILD
showed poor water quality conditions during the months of September and October during the dam’s destratification (lake overturn). By modifying an existing index to incorporate physico-chemical variables that are strongly related to a mixture of pollutants, it should have application on global scale applied to different waterbodies with differ phytoplankton indicator species across different geographical regions. Furthermore, it could also in the future serve as a decision support tool for conservation managers to determine the pollution status of a dam situated in nature conservation areas receiving a mixture of pollutants.
Graphic abstract</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s41742-021-00315-3</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9868-1566</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1735-6865 |
| ispartof | International Journal of Environmental Research, 2021-04, Vol.15 (2), p.321-333 |
| issn | 1735-6865 2008-2304 |
| language | eng |
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| source | SpringerNature Journals; Bioline International |
| subjects | Analysis Anthropogenic factors Aquatic ecosystems Aquatic resources Canada Conservation areas Cyanobacteria Dams Decision support systems Destratification Dinoflagellates Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Environmental Management Environmental monitoring External pressure Geoecology/Natural Processes Heavy metals Indicator species Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning Manganese Microcystis Natural areas Natural Hazards Nature conservation Nature reserves Nutrient enrichment Phytoplankton Plankton Pollutants Pollution Pollution effects Pollution index Pollution monitoring Pollution sources Pollution tolerance Research Paper Sampling Sewage Sewage effluents South Africa Water conservation Water pollution Water quality Water resources |
| title | Assessing the adverse effects of a mixture of AMD and sewage effluent on a sub-tropical dam situated in a nature conservation area using a modified pollution index |
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