Implementation of one-qubit quantum gates with individual addressing of two rubidium atoms in two optical dipole traps

We report the results of experiments on implementing individually addressable one-qubit quantum gates on a microwave transition with two 87 Rb atoms in two optical dipole traps. Addressing is carried out using additional focused laser light, which results in a differential light shift of the microwave transition frequency. In the absence of addressing in each of the atoms, Rabi oscillations are obtained on the microwave clock transition 5S 1/2 ( F = 2, m F = 0) → 5S 1/2 ( F = 1, m F = 0) between two working levels of qubits with a frequency of up to 5.1 kHz, a contrast up to 98 %, and a coherence time up to 4 ms. When addressing is turned on, the probability of a microwave transition in the addressed atom is suppressed to an average value of less than 5 %. The Rabi oscillations remaining in the other atom have the same contrast and correspond to the implementation of individually addressable basic one-qubit quantum operations (Hadamard gate and NOT gate) from different initial states of a qubit with an average fidelity of 92% ± 3 %. After renormalising this fidelity to the error in the preparation and measurement of quantum states of qubits, an estimate of 97% ± 3% is obtained for the fidelity of individual qubit rotations.