Assessment of the Germination Potential of Brassica oleracea Seeds Treated with Karrikin 1 and Cyanide, Which Modify the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway
The relationship between ethylene and cyanide (HCN) and karrikin 1 (KAR1) in dormancy release was studied in secondary dormant Brassica oleracea L. (Chinese cabbage) seeds. Freshly harvested seeds of Brassica oleracea usually have poor germination potential. Karrikin1 (KAR1) and cyanide (HCN) are ab...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of plant growth regulation 2021-06, Vol.40 (3), p.1257-1269 |
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| creator | Sami, Abdul Rehman, Shamsur Tanvir, Muhammad Ayyoub Zhou, Xiang Yu Zhu, Zong He Zhou, Kejin |
| description | The relationship between ethylene and cyanide (HCN) and karrikin 1 (KAR1) in dormancy release was studied in secondary dormant
Brassica oleracea L.
(Chinese cabbage) seeds. Freshly harvested seeds of
Brassica oleracea
usually have poor germination potential. Karrikin1 (KAR1) and cyanide (HCN) are able to stimulate seed germination. However, the stimulatory effects of these two chemicals depend on the activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and on ethylene perception. In this study, KAR1 and HCN application increased the activity of ethylene and of two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). KAR1 and HCN collectively promoted the accumulation of 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In the presence of NO (nitric oxide) and KAR1, ACS and ACO activities reached their maximum levels after 36 and 42 h, respectively. Ethylene inhibitors suppressed seed germination by approximately 55%, whereas the respiratory inhibitors SHAM and NaN3 inhibited seed germination by 5–10% in the presence of HCN and KAR1. KAR1 and HCN collectively reduced the abscisic acid (ABA) content in seeds, increased the gibberellic acid (GA) content and released seed dormancy. The expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and ethylene receptor genes (
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS3, BOACS4, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
) provided further evidence of the involvement of ethylene in KAR1 and HCN-induced germination.
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
genes were up regulated in the presence of KAR1 and HCN, while the remaining genes were down regulated. The expression of various ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor genes suggested functional diversification and variations in seed sensitivity in the presence of KAR1 and HCN. Therefore, in the current study, KAR1 and HCN application effectively induced the germination of
B. oleracea
seeds (approximately 97% germination rate) after 6 days by modifying the ethylene biosynthetic pathway. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00344-020-10186-1 |
| format | Article |
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Brassica oleracea L.
(Chinese cabbage) seeds. Freshly harvested seeds of
Brassica oleracea
usually have poor germination potential. Karrikin1 (KAR1) and cyanide (HCN) are able to stimulate seed germination. However, the stimulatory effects of these two chemicals depend on the activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and on ethylene perception. In this study, KAR1 and HCN application increased the activity of ethylene and of two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). KAR1 and HCN collectively promoted the accumulation of 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In the presence of NO (nitric oxide) and KAR1, ACS and ACO activities reached their maximum levels after 36 and 42 h, respectively. Ethylene inhibitors suppressed seed germination by approximately 55%, whereas the respiratory inhibitors SHAM and NaN3 inhibited seed germination by 5–10% in the presence of HCN and KAR1. KAR1 and HCN collectively reduced the abscisic acid (ABA) content in seeds, increased the gibberellic acid (GA) content and released seed dormancy. The expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and ethylene receptor genes (
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS3, BOACS4, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
) provided further evidence of the involvement of ethylene in KAR1 and HCN-induced germination.
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
genes were up regulated in the presence of KAR1 and HCN, while the remaining genes were down regulated. The expression of various ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor genes suggested functional diversification and variations in seed sensitivity in the presence of KAR1 and HCN. Therefore, in the current study, KAR1 and HCN application effectively induced the germination of
B. oleracea
seeds (approximately 97% germination rate) after 6 days by modifying the ethylene biosynthetic pathway.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0721-7595</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1435-8107</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00344-020-10186-1</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase ; 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase ; Abscisic acid ; Agriculture ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Brassica ; Brassica oleracea ; Carboxylic acids ; Chinese cabbage ; Cyanides ; Dormancy ; Ethylene ; Gene expression ; Genes ; Germination ; Gibberellic acid ; Hydrogen cyanide ; Inhibitors ; Life Sciences ; Nitric oxide ; Plant Anatomy/Development ; Plant Physiology ; Plant Sciences ; Receptors ; Seed germination ; Seeds ; Sodium azide ; Sodium azides</subject><ispartof>Journal of plant growth regulation, 2021-06, Vol.40 (3), p.1257-1269</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2341-8d0a4cbb4a96fe6f3ce955c0cb6dbc49f2a622ca0d3309aeb78755bb25da6f463</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2341-8d0a4cbb4a96fe6f3ce955c0cb6dbc49f2a622ca0d3309aeb78755bb25da6f463</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00344-020-10186-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00344-020-10186-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sami, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehman, Shamsur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanvir, Muhammad Ayyoub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xiang Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zong He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Kejin</creatorcontrib><title>Assessment of the Germination Potential of Brassica oleracea Seeds Treated with Karrikin 1 and Cyanide, Which Modify the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway</title><title>Journal of plant growth regulation</title><addtitle>J Plant Growth Regul</addtitle><description>The relationship between ethylene and cyanide (HCN) and karrikin 1 (KAR1) in dormancy release was studied in secondary dormant
Brassica oleracea L.
(Chinese cabbage) seeds. Freshly harvested seeds of
Brassica oleracea
usually have poor germination potential. Karrikin1 (KAR1) and cyanide (HCN) are able to stimulate seed germination. However, the stimulatory effects of these two chemicals depend on the activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and on ethylene perception. In this study, KAR1 and HCN application increased the activity of ethylene and of two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). KAR1 and HCN collectively promoted the accumulation of 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In the presence of NO (nitric oxide) and KAR1, ACS and ACO activities reached their maximum levels after 36 and 42 h, respectively. Ethylene inhibitors suppressed seed germination by approximately 55%, whereas the respiratory inhibitors SHAM and NaN3 inhibited seed germination by 5–10% in the presence of HCN and KAR1. KAR1 and HCN collectively reduced the abscisic acid (ABA) content in seeds, increased the gibberellic acid (GA) content and released seed dormancy. The expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and ethylene receptor genes (
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS3, BOACS4, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
) provided further evidence of the involvement of ethylene in KAR1 and HCN-induced germination.
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
genes were up regulated in the presence of KAR1 and HCN, while the remaining genes were down regulated. The expression of various ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor genes suggested functional diversification and variations in seed sensitivity in the presence of KAR1 and HCN. Therefore, in the current study, KAR1 and HCN application effectively induced the germination of
B. oleracea
seeds (approximately 97% germination rate) after 6 days by modifying the ethylene biosynthetic pathway.</description><subject>1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase</subject><subject>1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase</subject><subject>Abscisic acid</subject><subject>Agriculture</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Brassica</subject><subject>Brassica oleracea</subject><subject>Carboxylic acids</subject><subject>Chinese cabbage</subject><subject>Cyanides</subject><subject>Dormancy</subject><subject>Ethylene</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Germination</subject><subject>Gibberellic acid</subject><subject>Hydrogen cyanide</subject><subject>Inhibitors</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Plant Anatomy/Development</subject><subject>Plant Physiology</subject><subject>Plant Sciences</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Seed germination</subject><subject>Seeds</subject><subject>Sodium azide</subject><subject>Sodium azides</subject><issn>0721-7595</issn><issn>1435-8107</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kM1uFDEQhC0EEkvgBThZ4spA-29-jskqCYggIhHE0eqxexiHXTvYjqJ5EZ6X2SwSN06t7qrqkj7GXgt4JwC69wVAad2AhEaA6NtGPGEboZVpegHdU7aBToqmM4N5zl6Ucgsg1qXbsN-npVApe4qVp4nXmfgl5X2IWEOK_DrVVQm4O4hnGUsJDnnaUUZHyL8S-cJvMmElzx9CnfknzDn8DJELjtHz7YIxeHrLv8_Bzfxz8mFaHmvO67zsKBI_C6kscT3V4Pg11vkBl5fs2YS7Qq_-zhP27eL8Zvuhufpy-XF7etU4qbRoeg-o3ThqHNqJ2kk5Goxx4MbWj04Pk8RWSofglYIBaez6zphxlMZjO-lWnbA3x793Of26p1LtbbrPca200ijdw9Crg0seXS6nUjJN9i6HPebFCrAH_vbI36787SN_K9aQOobKao4_KP97_Z_UH_yUirs</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Sami, Abdul</creator><creator>Rehman, Shamsur</creator><creator>Tanvir, Muhammad Ayyoub</creator><creator>Zhou, Xiang Yu</creator><creator>Zhu, Zong He</creator><creator>Zhou, Kejin</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>Assessment of the Germination Potential of Brassica oleracea Seeds Treated with Karrikin 1 and Cyanide, Which Modify the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway</title><author>Sami, Abdul ; Rehman, Shamsur ; Tanvir, Muhammad Ayyoub ; Zhou, Xiang Yu ; Zhu, Zong He ; Zhou, Kejin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2341-8d0a4cbb4a96fe6f3ce955c0cb6dbc49f2a622ca0d3309aeb78755bb25da6f463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase</topic><topic>1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase</topic><topic>Abscisic acid</topic><topic>Agriculture</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Brassica</topic><topic>Brassica oleracea</topic><topic>Carboxylic acids</topic><topic>Chinese cabbage</topic><topic>Cyanides</topic><topic>Dormancy</topic><topic>Ethylene</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Germination</topic><topic>Gibberellic acid</topic><topic>Hydrogen cyanide</topic><topic>Inhibitors</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Plant Anatomy/Development</topic><topic>Plant Physiology</topic><topic>Plant Sciences</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Seed germination</topic><topic>Seeds</topic><topic>Sodium azide</topic><topic>Sodium azides</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sami, Abdul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rehman, Shamsur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tanvir, Muhammad Ayyoub</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Xiang Yu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Zong He</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Kejin</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><jtitle>Journal of plant growth regulation</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sami, Abdul</au><au>Rehman, Shamsur</au><au>Tanvir, Muhammad Ayyoub</au><au>Zhou, Xiang Yu</au><au>Zhu, Zong He</au><au>Zhou, Kejin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Assessment of the Germination Potential of Brassica oleracea Seeds Treated with Karrikin 1 and Cyanide, Which Modify the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway</atitle><jtitle>Journal of plant growth regulation</jtitle><stitle>J Plant Growth Regul</stitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1257</spage><epage>1269</epage><pages>1257-1269</pages><issn>0721-7595</issn><eissn>1435-8107</eissn><abstract>The relationship between ethylene and cyanide (HCN) and karrikin 1 (KAR1) in dormancy release was studied in secondary dormant
Brassica oleracea L.
(Chinese cabbage) seeds. Freshly harvested seeds of
Brassica oleracea
usually have poor germination potential. Karrikin1 (KAR1) and cyanide (HCN) are able to stimulate seed germination. However, the stimulatory effects of these two chemicals depend on the activation of the ethylene biosynthesis pathway and on ethylene perception. In this study, KAR1 and HCN application increased the activity of ethylene and of two ethylene biosynthesis enzymes, ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO). KAR1 and HCN collectively promoted the accumulation of 1 aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC). In the presence of NO (nitric oxide) and KAR1, ACS and ACO activities reached their maximum levels after 36 and 42 h, respectively. Ethylene inhibitors suppressed seed germination by approximately 55%, whereas the respiratory inhibitors SHAM and NaN3 inhibited seed germination by 5–10% in the presence of HCN and KAR1. KAR1 and HCN collectively reduced the abscisic acid (ABA) content in seeds, increased the gibberellic acid (GA) content and released seed dormancy. The expression of ethylene biosynthesis genes and ethylene receptor genes (
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS3, BOACS4, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
) provided further evidence of the involvement of ethylene in KAR1 and HCN-induced germination.
BOACO1
,
BOACS1, BOACS5, BOACS7, BOACS9, BOACS11
,
BOETR1
and
BOETR2
genes were up regulated in the presence of KAR1 and HCN, while the remaining genes were down regulated. The expression of various ethylene biosynthesis and ethylene receptor genes suggested functional diversification and variations in seed sensitivity in the presence of KAR1 and HCN. Therefore, in the current study, KAR1 and HCN application effectively induced the germination of
B. oleracea
seeds (approximately 97% germination rate) after 6 days by modifying the ethylene biosynthetic pathway.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s00344-020-10186-1</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of plant growth regulation, 2021-06, Vol.40 (3), p.1257-1269 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase Abscisic acid Agriculture Biomedical and Life Sciences Biosynthesis Brassica Brassica oleracea Carboxylic acids Chinese cabbage Cyanides Dormancy Ethylene Gene expression Genes Germination Gibberellic acid Hydrogen cyanide Inhibitors Life Sciences Nitric oxide Plant Anatomy/Development Plant Physiology Plant Sciences Receptors Seed germination Seeds Sodium azide Sodium azides |
| title | Assessment of the Germination Potential of Brassica oleracea Seeds Treated with Karrikin 1 and Cyanide, Which Modify the Ethylene Biosynthetic Pathway |
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