Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer During Submerged Arc Welding Phenomena by Coupled DEM-ISPH Simulation

•Heat source distributions of arc with 600 a were simulated by a grid-based method.•Penetration depth obtained by coupled DEM-ISPH simulation agreed with experiment.•Welding flux initially heated the metal and was subsequently heated by the metal.•The slag covering the metal maintained the metal sur...

Ausführliche Beschreibung