Studying the Kinetics of Mass Transfer in the Distillation of Water Hydrogen Isotopes in the Presence of Urea
The efficiency of mass transfer in the separation of hydrogen isotopes by water distillation in the presence of urea as a separating agent has been estimated. Experiments have been performed for vapor–liquid and vapor–aqueous salt solution systems under conditions with independent flows. Two regimes...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering 2021-03, Vol.55 (2), p.207-214 |
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| container_title | Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering |
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| creator | Kulov, N. N. Polkovnichenko, A. V. Lupachev, E. V. Kisel’, A. V. Voshkin, A. A. Magomedbekov, E. P. |
| description | The efficiency of mass transfer in the separation of hydrogen isotopes by water distillation in the presence of urea as a separating agent has been estimated. Experiments have been performed for vapor–liquid and vapor–aqueous salt solution systems under conditions with independent flows. Two regimes of mass transfer have been considered: the first one when the operating concentration of deuterium in the liquid phase is lower than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
<
) and the second one when it is higher than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
>
). A substantial difference in the number of theoretical separation stages for these regimes has been found. At
x
D
>
, in the presence of urea as a separating agent, the number of theoretical separation stages is three times lower than that for the vapor–water system. Thus, in the distillation of the hydrogen isotopes of water, urea hinders the transport of deuterium from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, forming nonvolatile complexes with water molecules that contain deuterium. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1134/S0040579521020044 |
| format | Article |
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x
D
<
) and the second one when it is higher than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
>
). A substantial difference in the number of theoretical separation stages for these regimes has been found. At
x
D
>
, in the presence of urea as a separating agent, the number of theoretical separation stages is three times lower than that for the vapor–water system. Thus, in the distillation of the hydrogen isotopes of water, urea hinders the transport of deuterium from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, forming nonvolatile complexes with water molecules that contain deuterium.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0040-5795</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1608-3431</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1134/S0040579521020044</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Moscow: Pleiades Publishing</publisher><subject>Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Deuterium ; Distillation ; Distilled water ; Hydrogen isotopes ; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering ; Liquid phases ; Mass transfer ; Saline solutions ; Separation ; Ureas ; Vapor phases ; Water chemistry</subject><ispartof>Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering, 2021-03, Vol.55 (2), p.207-214</ispartof><rights>Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. 2021. ISSN 0040-5795, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 2021, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 207–214. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2021. Russian Text © The Author(s), 2021, published in Teoreticheskie Osnovy Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, 2021, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 135–142.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f37b8a30aa1c41deabef0bbc345eec1f7b62da22b4b3f5867fbff28ae63c66c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f37b8a30aa1c41deabef0bbc345eec1f7b62da22b4b3f5867fbff28ae63c66c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1134/S0040579521020044$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1134/S0040579521020044$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904,41467,42536,51298</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kulov, N. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polkovnichenko, A. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lupachev, E. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kisel’, A. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voshkin, A. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magomedbekov, E. P.</creatorcontrib><title>Studying the Kinetics of Mass Transfer in the Distillation of Water Hydrogen Isotopes in the Presence of Urea</title><title>Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering</title><addtitle>Theor Found Chem Eng</addtitle><description>The efficiency of mass transfer in the separation of hydrogen isotopes by water distillation in the presence of urea as a separating agent has been estimated. Experiments have been performed for vapor–liquid and vapor–aqueous salt solution systems under conditions with independent flows. Two regimes of mass transfer have been considered: the first one when the operating concentration of deuterium in the liquid phase is lower than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
<
) and the second one when it is higher than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
>
). A substantial difference in the number of theoretical separation stages for these regimes has been found. At
x
D
>
, in the presence of urea as a separating agent, the number of theoretical separation stages is three times lower than that for the vapor–water system. Thus, in the distillation of the hydrogen isotopes of water, urea hinders the transport of deuterium from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, forming nonvolatile complexes with water molecules that contain deuterium.</description><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Deuterium</subject><subject>Distillation</subject><subject>Distilled water</subject><subject>Hydrogen isotopes</subject><subject>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</subject><subject>Liquid phases</subject><subject>Mass transfer</subject><subject>Saline solutions</subject><subject>Separation</subject><subject>Ureas</subject><subject>Vapor phases</subject><subject>Water chemistry</subject><issn>0040-5795</issn><issn>1608-3431</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kEtLAzEUhYMoWKs_wN2A69E8JpmZpdRHixWFtrgcksxNTWmTmqSL_ntnrOJCXN0D5zvnwkHokuBrQlhxM8O4wLysOSWYdro4QgMicJWzgpFjNOjtvPdP0VmMK4xxLUQ9QJtZ2rV765ZZeofsyTpIVsfMm-xZxpjNg3TRQMis-wLubEx2vZbJetdDbzJ15njfBr8El02iT34L8Qd_DRDBaejRRQB5jk6MXEe4-L5DtHi4n4_G-fTlcTK6neaacZZyw0pVSYalJLogLUgFBiulWcEBNDGlErSVlKpCMcMrURplDK0kCKaF0IwN0dWhdxv8xw5ialZ-F1z3sqGcUV7XvKw6ihwoHXyMAUyzDXYjw74huOlXbf6s2mXoIRM71i0h_Db_H_oEjKt6cg</recordid><startdate>20210301</startdate><enddate>20210301</enddate><creator>Kulov, N. N.</creator><creator>Polkovnichenko, A. V.</creator><creator>Lupachev, E. V.</creator><creator>Kisel’, A. V.</creator><creator>Voshkin, A. A.</creator><creator>Magomedbekov, E. P.</creator><general>Pleiades Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210301</creationdate><title>Studying the Kinetics of Mass Transfer in the Distillation of Water Hydrogen Isotopes in the Presence of Urea</title><author>Kulov, N. N. ; Polkovnichenko, A. V. ; Lupachev, E. V. ; Kisel’, A. V. ; Voshkin, A. A. ; Magomedbekov, E. P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c353t-f37b8a30aa1c41deabef0bbc345eec1f7b62da22b4b3f5867fbff28ae63c66c33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Deuterium</topic><topic>Distillation</topic><topic>Distilled water</topic><topic>Hydrogen isotopes</topic><topic>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</topic><topic>Liquid phases</topic><topic>Mass transfer</topic><topic>Saline solutions</topic><topic>Separation</topic><topic>Ureas</topic><topic>Vapor phases</topic><topic>Water chemistry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kulov, N. N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Polkovnichenko, A. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lupachev, E. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kisel’, A. V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Voshkin, A. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magomedbekov, E. P.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><jtitle>Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kulov, N. N.</au><au>Polkovnichenko, A. V.</au><au>Lupachev, E. V.</au><au>Kisel’, A. V.</au><au>Voshkin, A. A.</au><au>Magomedbekov, E. P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Studying the Kinetics of Mass Transfer in the Distillation of Water Hydrogen Isotopes in the Presence of Urea</atitle><jtitle>Theoretical foundations of chemical engineering</jtitle><stitle>Theor Found Chem Eng</stitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>207</spage><epage>214</epage><pages>207-214</pages><issn>0040-5795</issn><eissn>1608-3431</eissn><abstract>The efficiency of mass transfer in the separation of hydrogen isotopes by water distillation in the presence of urea as a separating agent has been estimated. Experiments have been performed for vapor–liquid and vapor–aqueous salt solution systems under conditions with independent flows. Two regimes of mass transfer have been considered: the first one when the operating concentration of deuterium in the liquid phase is lower than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
<
) and the second one when it is higher than that in equilibrium with the vapor (
x
D
>
). A substantial difference in the number of theoretical separation stages for these regimes has been found. At
x
D
>
, in the presence of urea as a separating agent, the number of theoretical separation stages is three times lower than that for the vapor–water system. Thus, in the distillation of the hydrogen isotopes of water, urea hinders the transport of deuterium from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, forming nonvolatile complexes with water molecules that contain deuterium.</abstract><cop>Moscow</cop><pub>Pleiades Publishing</pub><doi>10.1134/S0040579521020044</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Deuterium Distillation Distilled water Hydrogen isotopes Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Liquid phases Mass transfer Saline solutions Separation Ureas Vapor phases Water chemistry |
| title | Studying the Kinetics of Mass Transfer in the Distillation of Water Hydrogen Isotopes in the Presence of Urea |
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