Quantum dot-based high-fidelity universal quantum gates in noisy environment

Quantum dot-based spin qubit realization is one of the most promising quantum computing systems owing to its integrability with classical computation hardware and its versatility in realizing qubits and quantum gates. In this work, we investigate a quantum dot-based universal set of quantum gates (single qubit gates and the Toffoli gate) in the presence of hyperfine fluctuation noise and phononic charge noise. We model the spin dynamics and noise processes in the NOT gate, Hadamard gate and the Toffoli gate using the Lindblad master equation formalism to estimate the operating ranges of the external static and ac magnetic fields to achieve high fidelity operation of these gates in a noisy environment. In addition, the generality of the framework proposed in this paper enables modeling of larger quantum processors based on spin qubits in realistic conditions.