Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces
[Display omitted] •Concept for thermomechanical tuning of Organosolv lignin biocomposites properties.•Thermally induced in-situ esterification reactions in Organosolv lignin.•Thermal energy input during compounding superior effect on coupling reactions.•High specific energy input (EIN) yield increas...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European polymer journal 2021-04, Vol.148, p.110359, Article 110359 |
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| creator | Dörrstein, Jörg Schwarz, Dominik Scholz, Ronja Walther, Frank Zollfrank, Cordt |
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•Concept for thermomechanical tuning of Organosolv lignin biocomposites properties.•Thermally induced in-situ esterification reactions in Organosolv lignin.•Thermal energy input during compounding superior effect on coupling reactions.•High specific energy input (EIN) yield increases dynamic stiffness Cdyn.
Lignin as a renewable biomacromolecule is considered as a sustainable feedstock for the generation of bioplastics and bioplastic composites. However, during thermoplastic processing, high temperature and mechanical forces are known to promote destructive bond-cleavage in a vast majority of macromolecules due to overheating and internal friction between molecular constituents. This study demonstrates that several material properties (e.g. thermal stability, mechanical properties) of biocomposites with a high Organosolv lignin content (≥50w%) can be tuned by carefully selecting thermal and mechanical energy input during compounding. Organosolv lignin obtained from ensiled grass was shown to undergo in-situ coupling reactions at temperatures below the main degradation point ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359 |
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•Concept for thermomechanical tuning of Organosolv lignin biocomposites properties.•Thermally induced in-situ esterification reactions in Organosolv lignin.•Thermal energy input during compounding superior effect on coupling reactions.•High specific energy input (EIN) yield increases dynamic stiffness Cdyn.
Lignin as a renewable biomacromolecule is considered as a sustainable feedstock for the generation of bioplastics and bioplastic composites. However, during thermoplastic processing, high temperature and mechanical forces are known to promote destructive bond-cleavage in a vast majority of macromolecules due to overheating and internal friction between molecular constituents. This study demonstrates that several material properties (e.g. thermal stability, mechanical properties) of biocomposites with a high Organosolv lignin content (≥50w%) can be tuned by carefully selecting thermal and mechanical energy input during compounding. Organosolv lignin obtained from ensiled grass was shown to undergo in-situ coupling reactions at temperatures below the main degradation point (<200 °C) resulting in an up to 6-fold increase in molecular weight (Mw). The results from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested the formation of ester bonds, which was ascribed to direct esterification reactions, which occur due to energy transfer in the melt phase. When subjecting the extracted lignin to prolonged compounding times, it was shown that higher coupling degrees resulted in a lignin biocomposite with increased stiffness and ultimate tensile stress of about 1800% and 40%, respectively. Temperature was shown to have the highest effect on coupling reactions, whereas the energy transfer by mechanical forces during compounding was lower and followed a non-linear behaviour. In tensile stress–strain curves, biocomposites with high energy input revealed a distinct yield point (16 MPa). Ultra-micro-hardness tests confirmed that the biocomposite became significantly stiffer in response to shear and thermal forces with a reduction in indentation creep Cit of 2.0% to a value of up to 8.5%. Organosolv lignin biocomposites obtained at higher specific energy input (EIN) through thermal energy input and shear forces showed an increased dynamic stiffness Cdyn up to 100%, which was observed by multiple step tests (MST).</description><identifier>ISSN: 0014-3057</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-1945</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Biocomposites ; Biomaterials ; Biomedical materials ; Bioplastics ; Chemical reactions ; Composite materials ; Compounding ; Coupling (molecular) ; Creep (materials) ; Energy transfer ; Esterification ; Hardness tests ; Heat transfer ; Heat treatment ; High temperature ; Indentation ; Internal friction ; Lignin ; Macromolecules ; Material properties ; Mechanical properties ; Microhardness ; Molecular weight ; Overheating ; Shear forces ; Stiffness ; Studies ; Tensile strength ; Tensile stress ; Thermal energy ; Thermal stability ; Yield point</subject><ispartof>European polymer journal, 2021-04, Vol.148, p.110359, Article 110359</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Apr 5, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-c4b11e8624ce3f462a43524dd5f08644d87f9110cf4f0e8c6205df3d4b0ff7593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dörrstein, Jörg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarz, Dominik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholz, Ronja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walther, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zollfrank, Cordt</creatorcontrib><title>Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces</title><title>European polymer journal</title><description>[Display omitted]
•Concept for thermomechanical tuning of Organosolv lignin biocomposites properties.•Thermally induced in-situ esterification reactions in Organosolv lignin.•Thermal energy input during compounding superior effect on coupling reactions.•High specific energy input (EIN) yield increases dynamic stiffness Cdyn.
Lignin as a renewable biomacromolecule is considered as a sustainable feedstock for the generation of bioplastics and bioplastic composites. However, during thermoplastic processing, high temperature and mechanical forces are known to promote destructive bond-cleavage in a vast majority of macromolecules due to overheating and internal friction between molecular constituents. This study demonstrates that several material properties (e.g. thermal stability, mechanical properties) of biocomposites with a high Organosolv lignin content (≥50w%) can be tuned by carefully selecting thermal and mechanical energy input during compounding. Organosolv lignin obtained from ensiled grass was shown to undergo in-situ coupling reactions at temperatures below the main degradation point (<200 °C) resulting in an up to 6-fold increase in molecular weight (Mw). The results from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested the formation of ester bonds, which was ascribed to direct esterification reactions, which occur due to energy transfer in the melt phase. When subjecting the extracted lignin to prolonged compounding times, it was shown that higher coupling degrees resulted in a lignin biocomposite with increased stiffness and ultimate tensile stress of about 1800% and 40%, respectively. Temperature was shown to have the highest effect on coupling reactions, whereas the energy transfer by mechanical forces during compounding was lower and followed a non-linear behaviour. In tensile stress–strain curves, biocomposites with high energy input revealed a distinct yield point (16 MPa). Ultra-micro-hardness tests confirmed that the biocomposite became significantly stiffer in response to shear and thermal forces with a reduction in indentation creep Cit of 2.0% to a value of up to 8.5%. Organosolv lignin biocomposites obtained at higher specific energy input (EIN) through thermal energy input and shear forces showed an increased dynamic stiffness Cdyn up to 100%, which was observed by multiple step tests (MST).</description><subject>Biocomposites</subject><subject>Biomaterials</subject><subject>Biomedical materials</subject><subject>Bioplastics</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Compounding</subject><subject>Coupling (molecular)</subject><subject>Creep (materials)</subject><subject>Energy transfer</subject><subject>Esterification</subject><subject>Hardness tests</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Indentation</subject><subject>Internal friction</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Macromolecules</subject><subject>Material properties</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microhardness</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Overheating</subject><subject>Shear forces</subject><subject>Stiffness</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Tensile stress</subject><subject>Thermal energy</subject><subject>Thermal stability</subject><subject>Yield point</subject><issn>0014-3057</issn><issn>1873-1945</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEUhYMoWKu_wYDrqXnOY1mKLyh0U9chTW5qhulkTGYK_femVNy6upfLOedyPoQeKVlQQsvndgFTHEJ3OrQLRhhdUEq4bK7QjNYVL2gj5DWaEUJFwYmsbtFdSi0hpOIlnyG7nXrQuw7wQY8Qve7wEMMAcfSQcHB4E_e6Dyl0R9z5fe97vPPBhMMQkh-zJB8ipCH0CfAY8BfoEeve4pS3iF2IBtI9unG6S_DwO-fo8_Vlu3ov1pu3j9VyXRhWN2NhxI5SqEsmDHAnSqYFl0xYKx2pSyFsXbkmtzNOOAK1KRmR1nErdsS5SjZ8jp4uubnC9wRpVG2YYp9fKiZZLQljos6q6qIyMaQUwakh-oOOJ0WJOiNVrfpDqs5I1QVpdi4vTsgljh6iSsZDb8D6CGZUNvh_M34Ayf-FgA</recordid><startdate>20210405</startdate><enddate>20210405</enddate><creator>Dörrstein, Jörg</creator><creator>Schwarz, Dominik</creator><creator>Scholz, Ronja</creator><creator>Walther, Frank</creator><creator>Zollfrank, Cordt</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210405</creationdate><title>Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces</title><author>Dörrstein, Jörg ; Schwarz, Dominik ; Scholz, Ronja ; Walther, Frank ; Zollfrank, Cordt</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c289t-c4b11e8624ce3f462a43524dd5f08644d87f9110cf4f0e8c6205df3d4b0ff7593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Biocomposites</topic><topic>Biomaterials</topic><topic>Biomedical materials</topic><topic>Bioplastics</topic><topic>Chemical reactions</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Compounding</topic><topic>Coupling (molecular)</topic><topic>Creep (materials)</topic><topic>Energy transfer</topic><topic>Esterification</topic><topic>Hardness tests</topic><topic>Heat transfer</topic><topic>Heat treatment</topic><topic>High temperature</topic><topic>Indentation</topic><topic>Internal friction</topic><topic>Lignin</topic><topic>Macromolecules</topic><topic>Material properties</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Microhardness</topic><topic>Molecular weight</topic><topic>Overheating</topic><topic>Shear forces</topic><topic>Stiffness</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Tensile stress</topic><topic>Thermal energy</topic><topic>Thermal stability</topic><topic>Yield point</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dörrstein, Jörg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwarz, Dominik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scholz, Ronja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walther, Frank</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zollfrank, Cordt</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>European polymer journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dörrstein, Jörg</au><au>Schwarz, Dominik</au><au>Scholz, Ronja</au><au>Walther, Frank</au><au>Zollfrank, Cordt</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces</atitle><jtitle>European polymer journal</jtitle><date>2021-04-05</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>148</volume><spage>110359</spage><pages>110359-</pages><artnum>110359</artnum><issn>0014-3057</issn><eissn>1873-1945</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
•Concept for thermomechanical tuning of Organosolv lignin biocomposites properties.•Thermally induced in-situ esterification reactions in Organosolv lignin.•Thermal energy input during compounding superior effect on coupling reactions.•High specific energy input (EIN) yield increases dynamic stiffness Cdyn.
Lignin as a renewable biomacromolecule is considered as a sustainable feedstock for the generation of bioplastics and bioplastic composites. However, during thermoplastic processing, high temperature and mechanical forces are known to promote destructive bond-cleavage in a vast majority of macromolecules due to overheating and internal friction between molecular constituents. This study demonstrates that several material properties (e.g. thermal stability, mechanical properties) of biocomposites with a high Organosolv lignin content (≥50w%) can be tuned by carefully selecting thermal and mechanical energy input during compounding. Organosolv lignin obtained from ensiled grass was shown to undergo in-situ coupling reactions at temperatures below the main degradation point (<200 °C) resulting in an up to 6-fold increase in molecular weight (Mw). The results from Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy suggested the formation of ester bonds, which was ascribed to direct esterification reactions, which occur due to energy transfer in the melt phase. When subjecting the extracted lignin to prolonged compounding times, it was shown that higher coupling degrees resulted in a lignin biocomposite with increased stiffness and ultimate tensile stress of about 1800% and 40%, respectively. Temperature was shown to have the highest effect on coupling reactions, whereas the energy transfer by mechanical forces during compounding was lower and followed a non-linear behaviour. In tensile stress–strain curves, biocomposites with high energy input revealed a distinct yield point (16 MPa). Ultra-micro-hardness tests confirmed that the biocomposite became significantly stiffer in response to shear and thermal forces with a reduction in indentation creep Cit of 2.0% to a value of up to 8.5%. Organosolv lignin biocomposites obtained at higher specific energy input (EIN) through thermal energy input and shear forces showed an increased dynamic stiffness Cdyn up to 100%, which was observed by multiple step tests (MST).</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110359</doi></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biocomposites Biomaterials Biomedical materials Bioplastics Chemical reactions Composite materials Compounding Coupling (molecular) Creep (materials) Energy transfer Esterification Hardness tests Heat transfer Heat treatment High temperature Indentation Internal friction Lignin Macromolecules Material properties Mechanical properties Microhardness Molecular weight Overheating Shear forces Stiffness Studies Tensile strength Tensile stress Thermal energy Thermal stability Yield point |
| title | Tuneable material properties of Organosolv lignin biocomposites in response to heat and shear forces |
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