Determination of Radioactivity Levels in the Virgin and Fertilized Soil Samples of Rawalpindi District, Pakistan
The existence of primodial radionuclides in the earth’s crust causes all soils to contain some amount of radioactivity. To increase the crop production, fertilizers are extensively used, which causes further increase in the radioactivity. In order to assess the increase in radioactivity level due to...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Iranian journal of science and technology. Transaction A, Science Science, 2021-06, Vol.45 (3), p.1085-1095 |
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| container_title | Iranian journal of science and technology. Transaction A, Science |
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| creator | Younis, Hannan Wasim, Beenish Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed Ali, Muhammad Ahmad, Farooq Mehboob, Khurram Ajaz, Muhammad hussain, Kamal |
| description | The existence of primodial radionuclides in the earth’s crust causes all soils to contain some amount of radioactivity. To increase the crop production, fertilizers are extensively used, which causes further increase in the radioactivity. In order to assess the increase in radioactivity level due to fertilizer, twenty eight (28) soil samples of virgin and fertilized soils from three tehsile of district Rawalpindi, were analyzed using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy (HPGe) technique. In virgin samples an average activity concentration of 19.04 ± 1.17 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.52 ± 2.09 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 303.09 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K were found, respectively. In the fertilized soil samples activity concentrations were found to be 20.88 ± 1.28 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.65 ± 2.01 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 332.35 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K, respectively. Only a minor increase in the activity concentration of fertilized samples was noted. Hazard Indices were also calculated for virgin and fertilized soil samples. In both types of samples values of the indices were found to be within permissible limits. The results obtained in current study were compared with the results for other countries |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s40995-021-01064-w |
| format | Article |
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−1
for
226
Ra, 32.52 ± 2.09 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 303.09 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K were found, respectively. In the fertilized soil samples activity concentrations were found to be 20.88 ± 1.28 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.65 ± 2.01 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 332.35 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K, respectively. Only a minor increase in the activity concentration of fertilized samples was noted. Hazard Indices were also calculated for virgin and fertilized soil samples. In both types of samples values of the indices were found to be within permissible limits. The results obtained in current study were compared with the results for other countries</description><identifier>ISSN: 1028-6276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2364-1819</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s40995-021-01064-w</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Crop production ; Earth crust ; Earth Sciences ; Engineering ; Fertilizers ; Gamma rays ; Gamma spectroscopy ; Life Sciences ; Materials Science ; Physics ; Radioactivity ; Radioisotopes ; Radium 226 ; Radium isotopes ; Radium radioisotopes ; Research Paper ; Soil fertility ; Soils ; Spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Iranian journal of science and technology. Transaction A, Science, 2021-06, Vol.45 (3), p.1085-1095</ispartof><rights>Shiraz University 2021</rights><rights>Shiraz University 2021.</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-da3003751cd3b27bce477566c465b3cfd3d0cdc31ec168b503b07d2c9dd41f0a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-da3003751cd3b27bce477566c465b3cfd3d0cdc31ec168b503b07d2c9dd41f0a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Younis, Hannan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wasim, Beenish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Farooq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehboob, Khurram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ajaz, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>hussain, Kamal</creatorcontrib><title>Determination of Radioactivity Levels in the Virgin and Fertilized Soil Samples of Rawalpindi District, Pakistan</title><title>Iranian journal of science and technology. Transaction A, Science</title><addtitle>Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci</addtitle><description>The existence of primodial radionuclides in the earth’s crust causes all soils to contain some amount of radioactivity. To increase the crop production, fertilizers are extensively used, which causes further increase in the radioactivity. In order to assess the increase in radioactivity level due to fertilizer, twenty eight (28) soil samples of virgin and fertilized soils from three tehsile of district Rawalpindi, were analyzed using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy (HPGe) technique. In virgin samples an average activity concentration of 19.04 ± 1.17 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.52 ± 2.09 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 303.09 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K were found, respectively. In the fertilized soil samples activity concentrations were found to be 20.88 ± 1.28 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.65 ± 2.01 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 332.35 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K, respectively. Only a minor increase in the activity concentration of fertilized samples was noted. Hazard Indices were also calculated for virgin and fertilized soil samples. In both types of samples values of the indices were found to be within permissible limits. The results obtained in current study were compared with the results for other countries</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Crop production</subject><subject>Earth crust</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>Gamma rays</subject><subject>Gamma spectroscopy</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Radioactivity</subject><subject>Radioisotopes</subject><subject>Radium 226</subject><subject>Radium isotopes</subject><subject>Radium radioisotopes</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Soil fertility</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><issn>1028-6276</issn><issn>2364-1819</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM9LwzAYhoMoOOb-AU8Br1bzo03ao2xOhYHi1GtIk3RGu7Qm2cb8641W8Obpew_P-37wAHCK0QVGiF-GHFVVkSGCM4QRy7PdARgRmgIucXUIRhiRMmOEs2MwCcHWiGLMOMnZCPQzE41fWyej7RzsGvgote2kinZr4x4uzNa0AVoH46uBL9avUpROw7nx0bb202i47GwLl3LdtyYMCzvZ9tZpC2c2RG9VPIcP8j1l6U7AUSPbYCa_dwye59dP09tscX9zN71aZIriKmZaUoQoL7DStCa8VibnvGBM5ayoqWo01UjpxBqFWVkXiNaIa6IqrXPcIEnH4GzY7X33sTEhirdu4116KUhBClbmJaGJIgOlfBeCN43ovV1LvxcYiW-5YpArklzxI1fsUokOpZBgtzL-b_qf1hdzt36P</recordid><startdate>20210601</startdate><enddate>20210601</enddate><creator>Younis, Hannan</creator><creator>Wasim, Beenish</creator><creator>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</creator><creator>Ali, Muhammad</creator><creator>Ahmad, Farooq</creator><creator>Mehboob, Khurram</creator><creator>Ajaz, Muhammad</creator><creator>hussain, Kamal</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210601</creationdate><title>Determination of Radioactivity Levels in the Virgin and Fertilized Soil Samples of Rawalpindi District, Pakistan</title><author>Younis, Hannan ; Wasim, Beenish ; Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed ; Ali, Muhammad ; Ahmad, Farooq ; Mehboob, Khurram ; Ajaz, Muhammad ; hussain, Kamal</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c319t-da3003751cd3b27bce477566c465b3cfd3d0cdc31ec168b503b07d2c9dd41f0a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Agricultural production</topic><topic>Chemistry/Food Science</topic><topic>Crop production</topic><topic>Earth crust</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>Gamma rays</topic><topic>Gamma spectroscopy</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Radioactivity</topic><topic>Radioisotopes</topic><topic>Radium 226</topic><topic>Radium isotopes</topic><topic>Radium radioisotopes</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Soil fertility</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Younis, Hannan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wasim, Beenish</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ali, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahmad, Farooq</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mehboob, Khurram</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ajaz, Muhammad</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>hussain, Kamal</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><jtitle>Iranian journal of science and technology. Transaction A, Science</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Younis, Hannan</au><au>Wasim, Beenish</au><au>Qureshi, Aziz Ahmed</au><au>Ali, Muhammad</au><au>Ahmad, Farooq</au><au>Mehboob, Khurram</au><au>Ajaz, Muhammad</au><au>hussain, Kamal</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Determination of Radioactivity Levels in the Virgin and Fertilized Soil Samples of Rawalpindi District, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Iranian journal of science and technology. Transaction A, Science</jtitle><stitle>Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci</stitle><date>2021-06-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1085</spage><epage>1095</epage><pages>1085-1095</pages><issn>1028-6276</issn><eissn>2364-1819</eissn><abstract>The existence of primodial radionuclides in the earth’s crust causes all soils to contain some amount of radioactivity. To increase the crop production, fertilizers are extensively used, which causes further increase in the radioactivity. In order to assess the increase in radioactivity level due to fertilizer, twenty eight (28) soil samples of virgin and fertilized soils from three tehsile of district Rawalpindi, were analyzed using Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy (HPGe) technique. In virgin samples an average activity concentration of 19.04 ± 1.17 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.52 ± 2.09 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 303.09 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K were found, respectively. In the fertilized soil samples activity concentrations were found to be 20.88 ± 1.28 Bq kg
−1
for
226
Ra, 32.65 ± 2.01 Bq kg
−1
for
232
Th and 332.35 Bq kg
−1
for
40
K, respectively. Only a minor increase in the activity concentration of fertilized samples was noted. Hazard Indices were also calculated for virgin and fertilized soil samples. In both types of samples values of the indices were found to be within permissible limits. The results obtained in current study were compared with the results for other countries</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s40995-021-01064-w</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agricultural production Chemistry/Food Science Crop production Earth crust Earth Sciences Engineering Fertilizers Gamma rays Gamma spectroscopy Life Sciences Materials Science Physics Radioactivity Radioisotopes Radium 226 Radium isotopes Radium radioisotopes Research Paper Soil fertility Soils Spectroscopy |
| title | Determination of Radioactivity Levels in the Virgin and Fertilized Soil Samples of Rawalpindi District, Pakistan |
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