Does agricultural value-added induce environmental degradation? Evidence from Azerbaijan
This study empirically analyzes the long-term relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions in Azerbaijan using annual data covering the period of 1992–2014. Additionally, real income and energy consumption variables were included in the model in testing the exist...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science and pollution research international 2021-05, Vol.28 (18), p.23099-23112 |
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| creator | Gurbuz, Ismail Bulent Nesirov, Elcin Ozkan, Gulay |
| description | This study empirically analyzes the long-term relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions in Azerbaijan using annual data covering the period of 1992–2014. Additionally, real income and energy consumption variables were included in the model in testing the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is undertaken to reveal the existence of the long-term relationship between the CO
2
and its determinants. The ARDL mechanism shows that gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption have a positive and statistically significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. However, agricultural production and the square of GDP have a negative impact on air pollution. Furthermore, when the coefficients of real GDP and squared GDP included in the model were examined to analyze the inverted-U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution, the EKC hypothesis was confirmed to be valid. According to Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP, the square of GDP, and carbon emissions. From energy consumption and agricultural value-added to CO
2
emissions, a unidirectional Granger causality relationship was found. Ultimately, the findings suggest that policies and reforms that increase or support agricultural production will help lower the country’s CO
2
emissions level. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11356-020-12228-3 |
| format | Article |
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2
) emissions in Azerbaijan using annual data covering the period of 1992–2014. Additionally, real income and energy consumption variables were included in the model in testing the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is undertaken to reveal the existence of the long-term relationship between the CO
2
and its determinants. The ARDL mechanism shows that gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption have a positive and statistically significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. However, agricultural production and the square of GDP have a negative impact on air pollution. Furthermore, when the coefficients of real GDP and squared GDP included in the model were examined to analyze the inverted-U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution, the EKC hypothesis was confirmed to be valid. According to Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP, the square of GDP, and carbon emissions. From energy consumption and agricultural value-added to CO
2
emissions, a unidirectional Granger causality relationship was found. Ultimately, the findings suggest that policies and reforms that increase or support agricultural production will help lower the country’s CO
2
emissions level.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0944-1344</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1614-7499</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12228-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33442800</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Agricultural production ; Air pollution ; Aquatic Pollution ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Causality ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Economic analysis ; Economic development ; Economic growth ; Economic models ; Ecotoxicology ; Emissions ; Energy consumption ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental degradation ; Environmental Health ; Environmental Kuznets curve ; Environmental science ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; Hypotheses ; Model testing ; Research Article ; Statistical analysis ; Waste Water Technology ; Water Management ; Water Pollution Control</subject><ispartof>Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-05, Vol.28 (18), p.23099-23112</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-592fa2519240744d20ba49fa7a155c3a56c3943d1b8107e5fc8cf2272420fb0b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c433t-592fa2519240744d20ba49fa7a155c3a56c3943d1b8107e5fc8cf2272420fb0b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5340-3725</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-020-12228-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11356-020-12228-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33442800$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gurbuz, Ismail Bulent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nesirov, Elcin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ozkan, Gulay</creatorcontrib><title>Does agricultural value-added induce environmental degradation? Evidence from Azerbaijan</title><title>Environmental science and pollution research international</title><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><description>This study empirically analyzes the long-term relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions in Azerbaijan using annual data covering the period of 1992–2014. Additionally, real income and energy consumption variables were included in the model in testing the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is undertaken to reveal the existence of the long-term relationship between the CO
2
and its determinants. The ARDL mechanism shows that gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption have a positive and statistically significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. However, agricultural production and the square of GDP have a negative impact on air pollution. Furthermore, when the coefficients of real GDP and squared GDP included in the model were examined to analyze the inverted-U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution, the EKC hypothesis was confirmed to be valid. According to Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP, the square of GDP, and carbon emissions. From energy consumption and agricultural value-added to CO
2
emissions, a unidirectional Granger causality relationship was found. Ultimately, the findings suggest that policies and reforms that increase or support agricultural production will help lower the country’s CO
2
emissions level.</description><subject>Agricultural production</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Aquatic Pollution</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Causality</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Economic analysis</subject><subject>Economic development</subject><subject>Economic growth</subject><subject>Economic models</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental degradation</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Environmental Kuznets curve</subject><subject>Environmental science</subject><subject>GDP</subject><subject>Gross Domestic Product</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Model testing</subject><subject>Research Article</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Waste Water Technology</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>Water Pollution Control</subject><issn>0944-1344</issn><issn>1614-7499</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMotlb_gAdZ8BxNJkl3c5JS6wcUvCh4C9kkW7ZsszXZLeivN7pVbzKHgZln3oEHoXNKrigh-XWklIkpJkAwBYACswM0plPKcc6lPERjIjnHlHE-QicxrkkiJeTHaMTSDApCxuj1tnUx06tQm77p-qCbbKeb3mFtrbNZ7W1vXOb8rg6t3zjfJcC6VdBWd3Xrb7LFrrbOJ6YK7SabfbhQ6nqt_Sk6qnQT3dm-T9DL3eJ5_oCXT_eP89kSG85Yh4WESoOgEjjJObdASs1lpXNNhTBMi6lhkjNLy4KS3InKFKYCyIEDqUpSsgm6HHK3oX3rXezUuu2DTy8ViFQMBOGJgoEyoY0xuEptQ73R4V1Ror5kqkGmSorUt0zF0tHFProvN87-nvzYSwAbgJhWfuXC3-9_Yj8Bz8N-_Q</recordid><startdate>20210501</startdate><enddate>20210501</enddate><creator>Gurbuz, Ismail Bulent</creator><creator>Nesirov, Elcin</creator><creator>Ozkan, Gulay</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-3725</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210501</creationdate><title>Does agricultural value-added induce environmental degradation? 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Evidence from Azerbaijan</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science and pollution research international</jtitle><stitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res</stitle><addtitle>Environ Sci Pollut Res Int</addtitle><date>2021-05-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>23099</spage><epage>23112</epage><pages>23099-23112</pages><issn>0944-1344</issn><eissn>1614-7499</eissn><abstract>This study empirically analyzes the long-term relationship between agricultural production and carbon dioxide (CO
2
) emissions in Azerbaijan using annual data covering the period of 1992–2014. Additionally, real income and energy consumption variables were included in the model in testing the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method is undertaken to reveal the existence of the long-term relationship between the CO
2
and its determinants. The ARDL mechanism shows that gross domestic product (GDP) and energy consumption have a positive and statistically significant effect on carbon dioxide emissions. However, agricultural production and the square of GDP have a negative impact on air pollution. Furthermore, when the coefficients of real GDP and squared GDP included in the model were examined to analyze the inverted-U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution, the EKC hypothesis was confirmed to be valid. According to Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, there is a bidirectional relationship between GDP, the square of GDP, and carbon emissions. From energy consumption and agricultural value-added to CO
2
emissions, a unidirectional Granger causality relationship was found. Ultimately, the findings suggest that policies and reforms that increase or support agricultural production will help lower the country’s CO
2
emissions level.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>33442800</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11356-020-12228-3</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5340-3725</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021-05, Vol.28 (18), p.23099-23112 |
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| source | SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Agricultural production Air pollution Aquatic Pollution Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Causality Earth and Environmental Science Economic analysis Economic development Economic growth Economic models Ecotoxicology Emissions Energy consumption Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental degradation Environmental Health Environmental Kuznets curve Environmental science GDP Gross Domestic Product Hypotheses Model testing Research Article Statistical analysis Waste Water Technology Water Management Water Pollution Control |
| title | Does agricultural value-added induce environmental degradation? Evidence from Azerbaijan |
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