Cryostratigraphy of mid-Miocene permafrost at Friis Hills, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica
The origin and stability of ground ice in the stable uplands of the McMurdo Dry Valleys remains poorly understood, with most studies focusing on the near-surface permafrost. The 2016 Friis Hills Drilling Project retrieved five cores reaching 50 m depth in mid-Miocene permafrost, a period when Antarc...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Antarctic science 2021-04, Vol.33 (2), p.174-188 |
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description | The origin and stability of ground ice in the stable uplands of the McMurdo Dry Valleys remains poorly understood, with most studies focusing on the near-surface permafrost. The 2016 Friis Hills Drilling Project retrieved five cores reaching 50 m depth in mid-Miocene permafrost, a period when Antarctica transitioned to a hyper-arid environment. This study characterizes the cryostratigraphy of arguably the oldest permafrost on Earth and assesses 15 Myr of ground ice evolution using the REGO model. Four cryostratigraphic units were identified: 1) surficial dry permafrost (0–30 cm), 2) ice-rich to ice-poor permafrost (0.3–5.0 m) with high solute load and δ18O values (-16.2 ± 1.8‰) and low D-excess values (-65.6 ± 4.3‰), 3) near-dry permafrost (5–20 m) and 4) ice-poor to ice-rich permafrost (20–50 m) containing ice lenses with low solute load and δ18O values (-34.6 ± 1.2‰) and D-excess of 6.9 ± 2.6‰. The near-surface δ18O profile of ground ice is comparable to other sites in the stable uplands, suggesting that this ice is actively responding to changing surface environmental conditions and challenging the assumption that the surface has remained frozen for 13.8 Myr. The deep ice lenses probably originate from the freezing of meteoric water during the mid-Miocene, and their δ18O composition suggests mean annual air temperatures ~7–11°C warmer than today. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1017/S0954102020000619 |
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The 2016 Friis Hills Drilling Project retrieved five cores reaching 50 m depth in mid-Miocene permafrost, a period when Antarctica transitioned to a hyper-arid environment. This study characterizes the cryostratigraphy of arguably the oldest permafrost on Earth and assesses 15 Myr of ground ice evolution using the REGO model. Four cryostratigraphic units were identified: 1) surficial dry permafrost (0–30 cm), 2) ice-rich to ice-poor permafrost (0.3–5.0 m) with high solute load and δ18O values (-16.2 ± 1.8‰) and low D-excess values (-65.6 ± 4.3‰), 3) near-dry permafrost (5–20 m) and 4) ice-poor to ice-rich permafrost (20–50 m) containing ice lenses with low solute load and δ18O values (-34.6 ± 1.2‰) and D-excess of 6.9 ± 2.6‰. The near-surface δ18O profile of ground ice is comparable to other sites in the stable uplands, suggesting that this ice is actively responding to changing surface environmental conditions and challenging the assumption that the surface has remained frozen for 13.8 Myr. The deep ice lenses probably originate from the freezing of meteoric water during the mid-Miocene, and their δ18O composition suggests mean annual air temperatures ~7–11°C warmer than today.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0954-1020</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2079</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1017/S0954102020000619</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press</publisher><subject>Air temperature ; Annual temperatures ; Arid environments ; Arid zones ; Aridity ; Climate change ; Cold ; Cooling ; Cores ; Drilling ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental conditions ; Freezing ; Ground ice ; Highlands ; Hills ; Humidity ; Ice ; Ice lenses ; Ice loads ; Investigations ; Lenses ; Meteoric water ; Miocene ; Permafrost ; Sea level ; Sedimentation & deposition ; Sediments ; Solutes ; Stability ; Valleys</subject><ispartof>Antarctic science, 2021-04, Vol.33 (2), p.174-188</ispartof><rights>Copyright © Antarctic Science Ltd 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a340t-b55d760c1b4f7ba426ec4a13cc6250c7c0a4913a8875b5b1609334101e73083a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a340t-b55d760c1b4f7ba426ec4a13cc6250c7c0a4913a8875b5b1609334101e73083a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6691-8717 ; 0000-0002-3857-526X ; 0000-0002-7363-945X ; 0000-0001-7537-9949 ; 0000-0002-5239-4748 ; 0000-0002-7995-6464 ; 0000-0002-8783-0167 ; 0000-0002-1185-9932</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0954102020000619/type/journal_article$$EHTML$$P50$$Gcambridge$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>164,314,780,784,27924,27925,55628</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Verret, Marjolaine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dickinson, Warren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lacelle, Denis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fisher, David</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norton, Kevin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chorley, Hannah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Levy, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naish, Tim</creatorcontrib><title>Cryostratigraphy of mid-Miocene permafrost at Friis Hills, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica</title><title>Antarctic science</title><addtitle>Antarctic Science</addtitle><description>The origin and stability of ground ice in the stable uplands of the McMurdo Dry Valleys remains poorly understood, with most studies focusing on the near-surface permafrost. 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The near-surface δ18O profile of ground ice is comparable to other sites in the stable uplands, suggesting that this ice is actively responding to changing surface environmental conditions and challenging the assumption that the surface has remained frozen for 13.8 Myr. 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The 2016 Friis Hills Drilling Project retrieved five cores reaching 50 m depth in mid-Miocene permafrost, a period when Antarctica transitioned to a hyper-arid environment. This study characterizes the cryostratigraphy of arguably the oldest permafrost on Earth and assesses 15 Myr of ground ice evolution using the REGO model. Four cryostratigraphic units were identified: 1) surficial dry permafrost (0–30 cm), 2) ice-rich to ice-poor permafrost (0.3–5.0 m) with high solute load and δ18O values (-16.2 ± 1.8‰) and low D-excess values (-65.6 ± 4.3‰), 3) near-dry permafrost (5–20 m) and 4) ice-poor to ice-rich permafrost (20–50 m) containing ice lenses with low solute load and δ18O values (-34.6 ± 1.2‰) and D-excess of 6.9 ± 2.6‰. The near-surface δ18O profile of ground ice is comparable to other sites in the stable uplands, suggesting that this ice is actively responding to changing surface environmental conditions and challenging the assumption that the surface has remained frozen for 13.8 Myr. The deep ice lenses probably originate from the freezing of meteoric water during the mid-Miocene, and their δ18O composition suggests mean annual air temperatures ~7–11°C warmer than today.</abstract><cop>Cambridge, UK</cop><pub>Cambridge University Press</pub><doi>10.1017/S0954102020000619</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6691-8717</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3857-526X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-945X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7537-9949</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5239-4748</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-6464</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-0167</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1185-9932</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Air temperature Annual temperatures Arid environments Arid zones Aridity Climate change Cold Cooling Cores Drilling Earth Sciences Environmental conditions Freezing Ground ice Highlands Hills Humidity Ice Ice lenses Ice loads Investigations Lenses Meteoric water Miocene Permafrost Sea level Sedimentation & deposition Sediments Solutes Stability Valleys |
title | Cryostratigraphy of mid-Miocene permafrost at Friis Hills, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica |
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