The Important Role of Metal Ions for Survival of Francisella in Water within Amoeba Environment
Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that resists harsh environments. Several outbreaks of tularemia are linked to the consumption and contact with spring water. The number of F. tularensis in some waters is high, while in others, this bacterium does not surv...
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| description | Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that resists harsh environments. Several outbreaks of tularemia are linked to the consumption and contact with spring water. The number of F. tularensis in some waters is high, while in others, this bacterium does not survive. Except organic compounds, metals could be important for the survival of F. tularensis in water. Some Francisella strains showed the association with amoeba, which may act as the environmental reservoir. This study was aimed at following the role of metal ions and/or amoeba in the existence and replication of F. novicida in spring waters by growth kinetics, acquisition of metals, and ultrastructural analyses of bacteria. The bacteria showed a longer survival in water with higher initial concentrations of Mn and Zn. Although Mn and Zn were necessary for the survival of F. novicida, the results also showed that the bacterium does not grow in water with high levels of Zn. In contrast, high levels of Mn did not have such a negative effect on the survival of this bacterium in water. In addition, while F. novicida benefits presence of amoeba in spring water, the number of amoebae is decreasing in a coculture model with F. novicida. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2021/6673642 |
| format | Article |
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Several outbreaks of tularemia are linked to the consumption and contact with spring water. The number of F. tularensis in some waters is high, while in others, this bacterium does not survive. Except organic compounds, metals could be important for the survival of F. tularensis in water. Some Francisella strains showed the association with amoeba, which may act as the environmental reservoir. This study was aimed at following the role of metal ions and/or amoeba in the existence and replication of F. novicida in spring waters by growth kinetics, acquisition of metals, and ultrastructural analyses of bacteria. The bacteria showed a longer survival in water with higher initial concentrations of Mn and Zn. Although Mn and Zn were necessary for the survival of F. novicida, the results also showed that the bacterium does not grow in water with high levels of Zn. In contrast, high levels of Mn did not have such a negative effect on the survival of this bacterium in water. In addition, while F. novicida benefits presence of amoeba in spring water, the number of amoebae is decreasing in a coculture model with F. novicida.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2021/6673642</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Hindawi</publisher><subject>Amoeba ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Brackish water ; Chemical properties ; Contamination ; Croatia ; Distribution ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental conditions ; Experiments ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Francisella novicida ; Francisella tularensis ; Growth kinetics ; Harsh environments ; Health aspects ; Manganese ; Metal ions ; Metals ; Microbial contamination ; Nutrients ; Organic compounds ; Pathogens ; Physiological aspects ; Spring water ; Springs ; Survival ; Tularemia ; Virulence ; Water pollution ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2021, Vol.2021 (1)</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2021 Mateja Ozanic et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Mateja Ozanic et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-2889406ee21ad69e3e6a6750a855528eea4ae3ca4c62b824c2f92d42f50512033</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c393t-2889406ee21ad69e3e6a6750a855528eea4ae3ca4c62b824c2f92d42f50512033</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6246-8547 ; 0000-0001-6283-9248 ; 0000-0002-7489-4073 ; 0000-0002-3418-3058 ; 0000-0002-7028-1245 ; 0000-0002-2460-4437 ; 0000-0002-9997-0861 ; 0000-0002-1149-4494 ; 0000-0002-7244-1767 ; 0000-0003-4138-3581</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,4010,27900,27901,27902</link.rule.ids></links><search><contributor>Bayliak, Maria</contributor><creatorcontrib>Ozanic, Mateja</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marecic, Valentina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knezevic, Masa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Majstorovic, Andrea</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zurga, Paula</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Curlin, Marija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Piskur, Vanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lenac, Danijela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bulog, Aleksandar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Santic, Marina</creatorcontrib><title>The Important Role of Metal Ions for Survival of Francisella in Water within Amoeba Environment</title><title>BioMed research international</title><description>Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that resists harsh environments. Several outbreaks of tularemia are linked to the consumption and contact with spring water. The number of F. tularensis in some waters is high, while in others, this bacterium does not survive. Except organic compounds, metals could be important for the survival of F. tularensis in water. Some Francisella strains showed the association with amoeba, which may act as the environmental reservoir. This study was aimed at following the role of metal ions and/or amoeba in the existence and replication of F. novicida in spring waters by growth kinetics, acquisition of metals, and ultrastructural analyses of bacteria. The bacteria showed a longer survival in water with higher initial concentrations of Mn and Zn. Although Mn and Zn were necessary for the survival of F. novicida, the results also showed that the bacterium does not grow in water with high levels of Zn. In contrast, high levels of Mn did not have such a negative effect on the survival of this bacterium in water. In addition, while F. novicida benefits presence of amoeba in spring water, the number of amoebae is decreasing in a coculture model with F. novicida.</description><subject>Amoeba</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Brackish water</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Croatia</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental conditions</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Francisella novicida</subject><subject>Francisella tularensis</subject><subject>Growth kinetics</subject><subject>Harsh environments</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>Metal ions</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Microbial contamination</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Organic compounds</subject><subject>Pathogens</subject><subject>Physiological 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Maria</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Important Role of Metal Ions for Survival of Francisella in Water within Amoeba Environment</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><date>2021</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>2021</volume><issue>1</issue><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that resists harsh environments. Several outbreaks of tularemia are linked to the consumption and contact with spring water. The number of F. tularensis in some waters is high, while in others, this bacterium does not survive. Except organic compounds, metals could be important for the survival of F. tularensis in water. Some Francisella strains showed the association with amoeba, which may act as the environmental reservoir. This study was aimed at following the role of metal ions and/or amoeba in the existence and replication of F. novicida in spring waters by growth kinetics, acquisition of metals, and ultrastructural analyses of bacteria. The bacteria showed a longer survival in water with higher initial concentrations of Mn and Zn. Although Mn and Zn were necessary for the survival of F. novicida, the results also showed that the bacterium does not grow in water with high levels of Zn. In contrast, high levels of Mn did not have such a negative effect on the survival of this bacterium in water. 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| subjects | Amoeba Animals Bacteria Brackish water Chemical properties Contamination Croatia Distribution Environmental aspects Environmental conditions Experiments Food contamination & poisoning Francisella novicida Francisella tularensis Growth kinetics Harsh environments Health aspects Manganese Metal ions Metals Microbial contamination Nutrients Organic compounds Pathogens Physiological aspects Spring water Springs Survival Tularemia Virulence Water pollution Zinc |
| title | The Important Role of Metal Ions for Survival of Francisella in Water within Amoeba Environment |
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