Adaptable Metamaterials Based on Biodegradable Composites for Bone Tissue Regeneration

This paper studies the influence of lattice and shell type architecture on the mechanical properties of biodegradable polymer scaffolds (cellular matrices) designed to create structures for bone tissue engineering. Varying the topology of nodal connections makes it possible to control the relative rigidity of the metamaterial in the range from 0.004 to 0.123. It is shown to be possible to create permeable scaffolds using thermally extruded 3D printing based on polymers of different elasticities—polylactide and polyurethane. The use of “unit cells” of various types allows fabricating structures such as shells based on polylactide with a compressive strength of 1.5 to 19.7 MPa. Shells with a cubic type architecture based on polyurethane can be almost reversibly deformed at values of deformation of more than 50%. The developed approaches for obtaining polymer metamaterials and modifying their surface with calcium phosphate layer using an artificial interstitial fluid can increase the hydrophilicity of materials.