Identification, Elucidation, and Toxicity Assessment of Nontarget Disinfection By-products from Fipronil Chlorination
In the present study, fipronil degradation was evaluated in typical chlorination conditions (fipronil: 20 μg L −1 ; free chlorine concentration: 2 mg L −1 ; pH 7.5; 25 ○ C). Fipronil was quickly degraded by chlorination with half-time life of 2.08 min, achieving 95% of degradation in 15 min of react...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water, air, and soil pollution air, and soil pollution, 2021-04, Vol.232 (4), Article 156 |
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| creator | de Barros, André Luis Corrêa da Silva Rodrigues, Daniel Aparecido da Cunha, Camila Cristina Rodrigues Ferreira Silva, Silvana de Queiroz Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco |
| description | In the present study, fipronil degradation was evaluated in typical chlorination conditions (fipronil: 20 μg L
−1
; free chlorine concentration: 2 mg L
−1
; pH 7.5; 25
○
C). Fipronil was quickly degraded by chlorination with half-time life of 2.08 min, achieving 95% of degradation in 15 min of reaction. For identification and elucidation of its disinfection by-products, fipronil solutions (2.0 mg L
−1
) were chlorinated at different contact times. Six by-products were identified and their structural formulas were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lastly, the toxicity of the unreacted and chlorinated solutions was evaluated using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. Unreacted and chlorinated solutions were toxic to
Artemia salina
nauplii with an increase on toxic effects after 24 h of reaction time. No estrogenicity and cytotoxicity were observed for the tested solutions using re-engineered bioluminescent yeast estrogen screen and colorimetric MTT assays, respectively. According to quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology, chlorination may produce a more mutagenic compound than the precursor fipronil. The generated disinfection by-products also proved to be developmental toxicant, although it was not possible to measure their relative potency in relation to the parent compound. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11270-021-05102-6 |
| format | Article |
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−1
; free chlorine concentration: 2 mg L
−1
; pH 7.5; 25
○
C). Fipronil was quickly degraded by chlorination with half-time life of 2.08 min, achieving 95% of degradation in 15 min of reaction. For identification and elucidation of its disinfection by-products, fipronil solutions (2.0 mg L
−1
) were chlorinated at different contact times. Six by-products were identified and their structural formulas were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lastly, the toxicity of the unreacted and chlorinated solutions was evaluated using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. Unreacted and chlorinated solutions were toxic to
Artemia salina
nauplii with an increase on toxic effects after 24 h of reaction time. No estrogenicity and cytotoxicity were observed for the tested solutions using re-engineered bioluminescent yeast estrogen screen and colorimetric MTT assays, respectively. According to quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology, chlorination may produce a more mutagenic compound than the precursor fipronil. The generated disinfection by-products also proved to be developmental toxicant, although it was not possible to measure their relative potency in relation to the parent compound.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0049-6979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2932</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11270-021-05102-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cham: Springer International Publishing</publisher><subject>Aquatic crustaceans ; Artemia ; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution ; Biocompatibility ; Bioluminescence ; By products ; Byproducts ; Chlorination ; Chlorine ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Colorimetry ; Cytotoxicity ; Degradation ; Disinfection ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Environment ; Environmental monitoring ; Estrogens ; Evaluation ; Fipronil ; Hydrogeology ; Identification ; Infection control ; Insecticides ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Nauplii ; Oestrogens ; Pesticides ; Reaction time ; Reengineering ; Sex hormones ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Toxicants ; Toxicity ; Water Quality/Water Pollution ; Yeasts</subject><ispartof>Water, air, and soil pollution, 2021-04, Vol.232 (4), Article 156</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-4dfa980d204f326e755d913a41bf9bb37fa48c405f487446e758136734b2e9a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c386t-4dfa980d204f326e755d913a41bf9bb37fa48c405f487446e758136734b2e9a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11270-021-05102-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11270-021-05102-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>de Barros, André Luis Corrêa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Silva Rodrigues, Daniel Aparecido</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>da Cunha, Camila Cristina Rodrigues Ferreira</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, Silvana de Queiroz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco</creatorcontrib><title>Identification, Elucidation, and Toxicity Assessment of Nontarget Disinfection By-products from Fipronil Chlorination</title><title>Water, air, and soil pollution</title><addtitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</addtitle><description>In the present study, fipronil degradation was evaluated in typical chlorination conditions (fipronil: 20 μg L
−1
; free chlorine concentration: 2 mg L
−1
; pH 7.5; 25
○
C). Fipronil was quickly degraded by chlorination with half-time life of 2.08 min, achieving 95% of degradation in 15 min of reaction. For identification and elucidation of its disinfection by-products, fipronil solutions (2.0 mg L
−1
) were chlorinated at different contact times. Six by-products were identified and their structural formulas were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lastly, the toxicity of the unreacted and chlorinated solutions was evaluated using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. Unreacted and chlorinated solutions were toxic to
Artemia salina
nauplii with an increase on toxic effects after 24 h of reaction time. No estrogenicity and cytotoxicity were observed for the tested solutions using re-engineered bioluminescent yeast estrogen screen and colorimetric MTT assays, respectively. According to quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology, chlorination may produce a more mutagenic compound than the precursor fipronil. The generated disinfection by-products also proved to be developmental toxicant, although it was not possible to measure their relative potency in relation to the parent compound.</description><subject>Aquatic crustaceans</subject><subject>Artemia</subject><subject>Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution</subject><subject>Biocompatibility</subject><subject>Bioluminescence</subject><subject>By products</subject><subject>Byproducts</subject><subject>Chlorination</subject><subject>Chlorine</subject><subject>Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts</subject><subject>Colorimetry</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Disinfection</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental monitoring</subject><subject>Estrogens</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Fipronil</subject><subject>Hydrogeology</subject><subject>Identification</subject><subject>Infection control</subject><subject>Insecticides</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Nauplii</subject><subject>Oestrogens</subject><subject>Pesticides</subject><subject>Reaction time</subject><subject>Reengineering</subject><subject>Sex hormones</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Toxicants</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water 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Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>de Barros, André Luis Corrêa</au><au>da Silva Rodrigues, Daniel Aparecido</au><au>da Cunha, Camila Cristina Rodrigues Ferreira</au><au>Silva, Silvana de Queiroz</au><au>Afonso, Robson José de Cássia Franco</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Identification, Elucidation, and Toxicity Assessment of Nontarget Disinfection By-products from Fipronil Chlorination</atitle><jtitle>Water, air, and soil pollution</jtitle><stitle>Water Air Soil Pollut</stitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>232</volume><issue>4</issue><artnum>156</artnum><issn>0049-6979</issn><eissn>1573-2932</eissn><abstract>In the present study, fipronil degradation was evaluated in typical chlorination conditions (fipronil: 20 μg L
−1
; free chlorine concentration: 2 mg L
−1
; pH 7.5; 25
○
C). Fipronil was quickly degraded by chlorination with half-time life of 2.08 min, achieving 95% of degradation in 15 min of reaction. For identification and elucidation of its disinfection by-products, fipronil solutions (2.0 mg L
−1
) were chlorinated at different contact times. Six by-products were identified and their structural formulas were elucidated by high-resolution mass spectrometry. Lastly, the toxicity of the unreacted and chlorinated solutions was evaluated using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico assays. Unreacted and chlorinated solutions were toxic to
Artemia salina
nauplii with an increase on toxic effects after 24 h of reaction time. No estrogenicity and cytotoxicity were observed for the tested solutions using re-engineered bioluminescent yeast estrogen screen and colorimetric MTT assays, respectively. According to quantitative structure-activity relationship methodology, chlorination may produce a more mutagenic compound than the precursor fipronil. The generated disinfection by-products also proved to be developmental toxicant, although it was not possible to measure their relative potency in relation to the parent compound.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s11270-021-05102-6</doi></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0049-6979 |
| ispartof | Water, air, and soil pollution, 2021-04, Vol.232 (4), Article 156 |
| issn | 0049-6979 1573-2932 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2512389229 |
| source | SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Aquatic crustaceans Artemia Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Biocompatibility Bioluminescence By products Byproducts Chlorination Chlorine Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts Colorimetry Cytotoxicity Degradation Disinfection Earth and Environmental Science Environment Environmental monitoring Estrogens Evaluation Fipronil Hydrogeology Identification Infection control Insecticides Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Nauplii Oestrogens Pesticides Reaction time Reengineering Sex hormones Soil Science & Conservation Toxicants Toxicity Water Quality/Water Pollution Yeasts |
| title | Identification, Elucidation, and Toxicity Assessment of Nontarget Disinfection By-products from Fipronil Chlorination |
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