Alpine treeline ecotones are potential refugia for a montane pine species threatened by bark beetle outbreaks

Warming-induced mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae; MPB) outbreaks have caused extensive mortality of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis; WBP) throughout the species’ range. In the highest mountains where WBP occur, they cross alpine treeline ecotones (ATEs) where growth forms transition fr...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ecological applications 2021-04, Vol.31 (3), p.1-16
Hauptverfasser:	Maher, Colin T., Millar, Constance I., Affleck, David L. R., Keane, Robert E., Sala, Anna, Tobalske, Claudine, Larson, Andrew J., Nelson, Cara R.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Animals Bark Beetles boundary climate change refugia Coleoptera Cones Dendroctonus ponderosae Disease Outbreaks Ecotones edge Forests Hypotheses Mortality mountain pine beetle Mountains Outbreaks Pest outbreaks Phenotypes Pine Pine trees Pinus Pinus albicaulis Plant Bark Plant populations Refugia Refugium Reproduction Seeds Survival Threatened species tree mortality Treeline whitebark pine
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