Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan
This study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Mandi Baha-Ud-Din district, which is an important part of the Jhelum Basin. The study area is highly populated with low facilities in the provision of clean drinking water. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the spatial variability...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental earth sciences 2021-04, Vol.80 (8), Article 300 |
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| creator | Abbas, Mohsin Shen, Shui-Long Lyu, Hai-Min Zhou, Annan Rashid, Sajid |
| description | This study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Mandi Baha-Ud-Din district, which is an important part of the Jhelum Basin. The study area is highly populated with low facilities in the provision of clean drinking water. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the spatial variability of different physicochemical parameters. A total of 59 analysed groundwater samples indicated that the ionic concentration was in the order of Na
+
> Ca
2+
> Mg
2+
> K
+
for major cations and HCO
3
−
> SO
4
2−
> Cl
−
> NO
3
−
> F
−
> CO
3
2−
for anions. Traces of arsenic and other toxic elements were found in the vicinity of the industrial zone, but they are well below the designated thresholds. The bivariate Gibbs diagram illustrates that 75–80% of samples fall in the rock-water interaction zone, and the rest of the samples lie in the rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Piper’s plot revealed that seven samples were dominated by alkaline earth metals, seven samples showed the nature of alkalies, and the rest of the samples showed mixed character. Final water quality index (82) shows that the water quality is generally “good”, per the NSFWQI classification. This paper illustrates hydrochemical facies along with a natural mechanism controlling overall water chemistry. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-021-09579-6 |
| format | Article |
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+
> Ca
2+
> Mg
2+
> K
+
for major cations and HCO
3
−
> SO
4
2−
> Cl
−
> NO
3
−
> F
−
> CO
3
2−
for anions. Traces of arsenic and other toxic elements were found in the vicinity of the industrial zone, but they are well below the designated thresholds. The bivariate Gibbs diagram illustrates that 75–80% of samples fall in the rock-water interaction zone, and the rest of the samples lie in the rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Piper’s plot revealed that seven samples were dominated by alkaline earth metals, seven samples showed the nature of alkalies, and the rest of the samples showed mixed character. Final water quality index (82) shows that the water quality is generally “good”, per the NSFWQI classification. This paper illustrates hydrochemical facies along with a natural mechanism controlling overall water chemistry.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-09579-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Alkaline earth metals ; Anions ; Arsenic ; Biogeosciences ; Bivariate analysis ; Calcium ; Calcium ions ; Cations ; Drinking water ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Evaporation ; Geochemistry ; Geographic information systems ; Geographical information systems ; Geology ; Groundwater ; Hydrochemistry ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Information systems ; Magnesium ; Metals ; Original Article ; Physicochemical processes ; Physicochemical properties ; Remote sensing ; Rocks ; Spatial variability ; Spatial variations ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Water analysis ; Water chemistry ; Water quality ; Water sampling</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2021-04, Vol.80 (8), Article 300</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-e2c25d438b166fbcb1ff95d001ee8ace185c4d057ec90912ca4429fdd65b8613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-e2c25d438b166fbcb1ff95d001ee8ace185c4d057ec90912ca4429fdd65b8613</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5610-7988</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-021-09579-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-021-09579-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Mohsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Shui-Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Hai-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Annan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rashid, Sajid</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>This study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Mandi Baha-Ud-Din district, which is an important part of the Jhelum Basin. The study area is highly populated with low facilities in the provision of clean drinking water. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the spatial variability of different physicochemical parameters. A total of 59 analysed groundwater samples indicated that the ionic concentration was in the order of Na
+
> Ca
2+
> Mg
2+
> K
+
for major cations and HCO
3
−
> SO
4
2−
> Cl
−
> NO
3
−
> F
−
> CO
3
2−
for anions. Traces of arsenic and other toxic elements were found in the vicinity of the industrial zone, but they are well below the designated thresholds. The bivariate Gibbs diagram illustrates that 75–80% of samples fall in the rock-water interaction zone, and the rest of the samples lie in the rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Piper’s plot revealed that seven samples were dominated by alkaline earth metals, seven samples showed the nature of alkalies, and the rest of the samples showed mixed character. Final water quality index (82) shows that the water quality is generally “good”, per the NSFWQI classification. This paper illustrates hydrochemical facies along with a natural mechanism controlling overall water chemistry.</description><subject>Alkaline earth metals</subject><subject>Anions</subject><subject>Arsenic</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Bivariate analysis</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Calcium ions</subject><subject>Cations</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Evaporation</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geographic information systems</subject><subject>Geographical information systems</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Groundwater</subject><subject>Hydrochemistry</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Information systems</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Physicochemical processes</subject><subject>Physicochemical properties</subject><subject>Remote sensing</subject><subject>Rocks</subject><subject>Spatial variability</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Water analysis</subject><subject>Water chemistry</subject><subject>Water quality</subject><subject>Water sampling</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kF9LwzAUxYMoOOa-gE8FX40maZImjzrmPwYq7D2kabp2bs1MUqXf3syKvnlfzuVyzrnwA-AcoyuMUHEdMOGcQUQwRJIVEvIjMMGCc8iJlMe_u0CnYBbCBqXJcS4Rn4DXxYfe9jq2rstcncXGZs1QeWcau2tD9MPhuvau76pPHa3PdMyeGrvtd9mtDm13mb303UaXSfVbCujuDJzUehvs7EenYHW3WM0f4PL5_nF-s4Q6pyRCSwxhFc1FiTmvS1PiupasQghbK7SxWDBDK8QKaySSmBhNKZF1VXFWCo7zKbgYa_fevfc2RLVxve_SR0UYEpgSUdDkIqPLeBeCt7Xa-3an_aAwUgd4aoSnEjz1DU_xFMrHUEjmbm39X_U_qS9VjXHz</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Abbas, Mohsin</creator><creator>Shen, Shui-Long</creator><creator>Lyu, Hai-Min</creator><creator>Zhou, Annan</creator><creator>Rashid, Sajid</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-7988</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan</title><author>Abbas, Mohsin ; Shen, Shui-Long ; Lyu, Hai-Min ; Zhou, Annan ; Rashid, Sajid</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-e2c25d438b166fbcb1ff95d001ee8ace185c4d057ec90912ca4429fdd65b8613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Alkaline earth metals</topic><topic>Anions</topic><topic>Arsenic</topic><topic>Biogeosciences</topic><topic>Bivariate analysis</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Calcium ions</topic><topic>Cations</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Earth and Environmental Science</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Environmental Science and Engineering</topic><topic>Evaporation</topic><topic>Geochemistry</topic><topic>Geographic information systems</topic><topic>Geographical information systems</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Groundwater</topic><topic>Hydrochemistry</topic><topic>Hydrology/Water Resources</topic><topic>Information systems</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Original Article</topic><topic>Physicochemical processes</topic><topic>Physicochemical properties</topic><topic>Remote sensing</topic><topic>Rocks</topic><topic>Spatial variability</topic><topic>Spatial variations</topic><topic>Terrestrial Pollution</topic><topic>Water analysis</topic><topic>Water chemistry</topic><topic>Water quality</topic><topic>Water sampling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abbas, Mohsin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Shui-Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lyu, Hai-Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Annan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rashid, Sajid</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abbas, Mohsin</au><au>Shen, Shui-Long</au><au>Lyu, Hai-Min</au><au>Zhou, Annan</au><au>Rashid, Sajid</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan</atitle><jtitle>Environmental earth sciences</jtitle><stitle>Environ Earth Sci</stitle><date>2021-04-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>80</volume><issue>8</issue><artnum>300</artnum><issn>1866-6280</issn><eissn>1866-6299</eissn><abstract>This study investigates the hydrochemistry of the Mandi Baha-Ud-Din district, which is an important part of the Jhelum Basin. The study area is highly populated with low facilities in the provision of clean drinking water. A Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to map the spatial variability of different physicochemical parameters. A total of 59 analysed groundwater samples indicated that the ionic concentration was in the order of Na
+
> Ca
2+
> Mg
2+
> K
+
for major cations and HCO
3
−
> SO
4
2−
> Cl
−
> NO
3
−
> F
−
> CO
3
2−
for anions. Traces of arsenic and other toxic elements were found in the vicinity of the industrial zone, but they are well below the designated thresholds. The bivariate Gibbs diagram illustrates that 75–80% of samples fall in the rock-water interaction zone, and the rest of the samples lie in the rock-water interaction and evaporation processes. Piper’s plot revealed that seven samples were dominated by alkaline earth metals, seven samples showed the nature of alkalies, and the rest of the samples showed mixed character. Final water quality index (82) shows that the water quality is generally “good”, per the NSFWQI classification. This paper illustrates hydrochemical facies along with a natural mechanism controlling overall water chemistry.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-021-09579-6</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5610-7988</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental earth sciences, 2021-04, Vol.80 (8), Article 300 |
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| language | eng |
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| subjects | Alkaline earth metals Anions Arsenic Biogeosciences Bivariate analysis Calcium Calcium ions Cations Drinking water Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Environmental Science and Engineering Evaporation Geochemistry Geographic information systems Geographical information systems Geology Groundwater Hydrochemistry Hydrology/Water Resources Information systems Magnesium Metals Original Article Physicochemical processes Physicochemical properties Remote sensing Rocks Spatial variability Spatial variations Terrestrial Pollution Water analysis Water chemistry Water quality Water sampling |
| title | Evaluation of the hydrochemistry of groundwater at Jhelum Basin, Punjab, Pakistan |
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