Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil around a tungsten-molybdenum mine in Luoyang, China
Heavy metal pollution in mining area soil and its impact on human health have been becoming one of the most important global environmental problems. This study investigated the heavy metals in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area in southwestern Luoyang, Henan Province, assessed the l...
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description | Heavy metal pollution in mining area soil and its impact on human health have been becoming one of the most important global environmental problems. This study investigated the heavy metals in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area in southwestern Luoyang, Henan Province, assessed the level of heavy metal pollution in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area, and quantified the risks of these pollutants to human health. To assess these potential threat levels, The pollution index, potential ecological hazards and health risk assessment methods recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are applied. The results indicated that the average soil content of the heavy metals Zn, Cr, Cd and As exceeded the soil pollution risk screening value. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN) was greater than 3, which indicated severe pollution. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of each sampling point was integrated in the order
RI
#
7
>
RI
#
6
>
RI
#
5
>
RI
#
3
>
RI
#
4
>
RI
#
2
>
RI
#
1
. Among the heavy metals, Cd posed the greatest ecological threat, accounting for 91.32% of RI. The effect of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index (HQ) and non-carcinogenic total index (HI) through three exposure pathways, oral intake > skin contact > respiratory inhalation, was
HQ
Zn
< HQ
Cu
< HQ
Cd
< HQ
Pb
< HQ
Cr
<
1
. The sum of
HI
Pb
and
HI
Cr
accounted for 92.96 and 92.98% of adults and children, respectively. In addition to the inhalation route
CR
Cd
,
CR
Cr
and
CR
Cd
in the study area were higher than the maximum acceptable human-level recommended by the U.S. EPA (10
–6
), and the CR and TCR were higher in children than in adults. Therefore, the heavy metal pollution of soils in the studied tungsten-molybdenum mine area was found to pose a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and residents’ health. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s12665-021-09539-0 |
format | Article |
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RI
#
7
>
RI
#
6
>
RI
#
5
>
RI
#
3
>
RI
#
4
>
RI
#
2
>
RI
#
1
. Among the heavy metals, Cd posed the greatest ecological threat, accounting for 91.32% of RI. The effect of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index (HQ) and non-carcinogenic total index (HI) through three exposure pathways, oral intake > skin contact > respiratory inhalation, was
HQ
Zn
< HQ
Cu
< HQ
Cd
< HQ
Pb
< HQ
Cr
<
1
. The sum of
HI
Pb
and
HI
Cr
accounted for 92.96 and 92.98% of adults and children, respectively. In addition to the inhalation route
CR
Cd
,
CR
Cr
and
CR
Cd
in the study area were higher than the maximum acceptable human-level recommended by the U.S. EPA (10
–6
), and the CR and TCR were higher in children than in adults. Therefore, the heavy metal pollution of soils in the studied tungsten-molybdenum mine area was found to pose a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and residents’ health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1866-6280</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1866-6299</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12665-021-09539-0</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Adults ; Biogeosciences ; Cadmium ; Carcinogens ; Children ; Chromium ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Ecological effects ; Ecological risk assessment ; Environmental impact ; Environmental protection ; Environmental risk ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Hazard assessment ; Health hazards ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Heavy metals ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Inhalation ; Metals ; Metals in soil ; Mining ; Molybdenum ; Original Article ; Pollutants ; Pollution index ; Respiration ; Risk assessment ; Soil ; Soil investigations ; Soil pollution ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Tungsten ; Zinc</subject><ispartof>Environmental earth sciences, 2021-04, Vol.80 (7), Article 293</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-55d500b868e954e3be4057e80b00e93bec8418f2dbf39347d5eaf5385ed9ada93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a342t-55d500b868e954e3be4057e80b00e93bec8418f2dbf39347d5eaf5385ed9ada93</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2536-6319</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-021-09539-0$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12665-021-09539-0$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hui, Wang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Zhang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hongyan, Tang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiawei, Wen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anna, Li</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil around a tungsten-molybdenum mine in Luoyang, China</title><title>Environmental earth sciences</title><addtitle>Environ Earth Sci</addtitle><description>Heavy metal pollution in mining area soil and its impact on human health have been becoming one of the most important global environmental problems. This study investigated the heavy metals in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area in southwestern Luoyang, Henan Province, assessed the level of heavy metal pollution in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area, and quantified the risks of these pollutants to human health. To assess these potential threat levels, The pollution index, potential ecological hazards and health risk assessment methods recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are applied. The results indicated that the average soil content of the heavy metals Zn, Cr, Cd and As exceeded the soil pollution risk screening value. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN) was greater than 3, which indicated severe pollution. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of each sampling point was integrated in the order
RI
#
7
>
RI
#
6
>
RI
#
5
>
RI
#
3
>
RI
#
4
>
RI
#
2
>
RI
#
1
. Among the heavy metals, Cd posed the greatest ecological threat, accounting for 91.32% of RI. The effect of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index (HQ) and non-carcinogenic total index (HI) through three exposure pathways, oral intake > skin contact > respiratory inhalation, was
HQ
Zn
< HQ
Cu
< HQ
Cd
< HQ
Pb
< HQ
Cr
<
1
. The sum of
HI
Pb
and
HI
Cr
accounted for 92.96 and 92.98% of adults and children, respectively. In addition to the inhalation route
CR
Cd
,
CR
Cr
and
CR
Cd
in the study area were higher than the maximum acceptable human-level recommended by the U.S. EPA (10
–6
), and the CR and TCR were higher in children than in adults. Therefore, the heavy metal pollution of soils in the studied tungsten-molybdenum mine area was found to pose a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and residents’ health.</description><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Biogeosciences</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Ecological effects</subject><subject>Ecological risk assessment</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Environmental risk</subject><subject>Environmental Science and Engineering</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Hazard assessment</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Hydrology/Water Resources</subject><subject>Inhalation</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals in soil</subject><subject>Mining</subject><subject>Molybdenum</subject><subject>Original Article</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pollution index</subject><subject>Respiration</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil investigations</subject><subject>Soil pollution</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Tungsten</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><issn>1866-6280</issn><issn>1866-6299</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE9Lw0AQxYMoWGq_gKcFr0Yn2WySPUpRKxS86HmZJJMmNdmtu5tCwA9v2orenMv84ffewAuC6wjuIoDs3kVxmooQ4igEKbgM4SyYRXmahmks5fnvnMNlsHBuC1PxiEtIZ8HXinA_sp48dmxnum7wrdGsbNBi6cm2zrelY6gr1hB2vmHT6YPRHrsBj6ipmTNtx9CaYaKQ-UFvnCcd9qYbi4r00LO-1cRazdaDGVFvbtmyaTVeBRc1do4WP30evD89vi1X4fr1-WX5sA6RJ7EPhagEQJGnOUmREC8oAZFRDgUAyWkt8yTK67gqai55klWCsBY8F1RJrFDyeXBz8t1Z8zmQ82prBqunlyoWkHGRgYSJik9UaY1zlmq1s22PdlQRqEPQ6hS0moJWx6DVQcRPIjfBekP2z_of1TeNb4Kd</recordid><startdate>20210401</startdate><enddate>20210401</enddate><creator>Hui, Wang</creator><creator>Hao, Zhang</creator><creator>Hongyan, Tang</creator><creator>Jiawei, Wen</creator><creator>Anna, Li</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-6319</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20210401</creationdate><title>Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil around a tungsten-molybdenum mine in Luoyang, China</title><author>Hui, Wang ; 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This study investigated the heavy metals in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area in southwestern Luoyang, Henan Province, assessed the level of heavy metal pollution in the soil around the tungsten-molybdenum mining area, and quantified the risks of these pollutants to human health. To assess these potential threat levels, The pollution index, potential ecological hazards and health risk assessment methods recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) are applied. The results indicated that the average soil content of the heavy metals Zn, Cr, Cd and As exceeded the soil pollution risk screening value. The Nemerow comprehensive pollution index (PN) was greater than 3, which indicated severe pollution. The potential ecological risk index (RI) of each sampling point was integrated in the order
RI
#
7
>
RI
#
6
>
RI
#
5
>
RI
#
3
>
RI
#
4
>
RI
#
2
>
RI
#
1
. Among the heavy metals, Cd posed the greatest ecological threat, accounting for 91.32% of RI. The effect of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index (HQ) and non-carcinogenic total index (HI) through three exposure pathways, oral intake > skin contact > respiratory inhalation, was
HQ
Zn
< HQ
Cu
< HQ
Cd
< HQ
Pb
< HQ
Cr
<
1
. The sum of
HI
Pb
and
HI
Cr
accounted for 92.96 and 92.98% of adults and children, respectively. In addition to the inhalation route
CR
Cd
,
CR
Cr
and
CR
Cd
in the study area were higher than the maximum acceptable human-level recommended by the U.S. EPA (10
–6
), and the CR and TCR were higher in children than in adults. Therefore, the heavy metal pollution of soils in the studied tungsten-molybdenum mine area was found to pose a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and residents’ health.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s12665-021-09539-0</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-6319</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adults Biogeosciences Cadmium Carcinogens Children Chromium Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Ecological effects Ecological risk assessment Environmental impact Environmental protection Environmental risk Environmental Science and Engineering Geochemistry Geology Hazard assessment Health hazards Health risk assessment Health risks Heavy metals Hydrology/Water Resources Inhalation Metals Metals in soil Mining Molybdenum Original Article Pollutants Pollution index Respiration Risk assessment Soil Soil investigations Soil pollution Terrestrial Pollution Tungsten Zinc |
title | Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health risk evaluation of soil around a tungsten-molybdenum mine in Luoyang, China |
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