Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification
The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provoked a second pandemic, the "long-haulers", i.e., individuals presenting with post-COVID symptoms. We propose that to determine the presence of post-COVID symptoms, symptoms should appear after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2021-03, Vol.18 (5), p.2621, Article 2621 |
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| creator | Fernandez-de-las-Penas, Cesar Palacios-Cena, Domingo Gomez-Mayordomo, Victor Cuadrado, Maria L. Florencio, Lidiane L. |
| description | The pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has provoked a second pandemic, the "long-haulers", i.e., individuals presenting with post-COVID symptoms. We propose that to determine the presence of post-COVID symptoms, symptoms should appear after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, this situation has some problems due to the fact that not all people infected by SARS-CoV-2 receive such diagnosis. Based on relapsing/remitting nature of post-COVID symptoms, the following integrative classification is proposed: potentially infection related-symptoms (up to 4-5 weeks), acute post-COVID symptoms (from week 5 to week 12), long post-COVID symptoms (from week 12 to week 24), and persistent post-COVID symptoms (lasting more than 24 weeks). The most important topic is to establish the time reference points. The classification also integrates predisposing intrinsic and extrinsic factors and hospitalization data which could promote post-COVID symptoms. The plethora of symptoms affecting multiple systems exhibited by "long-haulers" suggests the presence of different underlying mechanisms. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph18052621 |
| format | Article |
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We propose that to determine the presence of post-COVID symptoms, symptoms should appear after the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection; however, this situation has some problems due to the fact that not all people infected by SARS-CoV-2 receive such diagnosis. Based on relapsing/remitting nature of post-COVID symptoms, the following integrative classification is proposed: potentially infection related-symptoms (up to 4-5 weeks), acute post-COVID symptoms (from week 5 to week 12), long post-COVID symptoms (from week 12 to week 24), and persistent post-COVID symptoms (lasting more than 24 weeks). The most important topic is to establish the time reference points. The classification also integrates predisposing intrinsic and extrinsic factors and hospitalization data which could promote post-COVID symptoms. 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| subjects | Antibodies Anxiety Classification Communication Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 diagnostic tests Diagnosis Dyspnea Environmental Sciences Environmental Sciences & Ecology Fever Hospitalization Humans Infections Life Sciences & Biomedicine Medical research Pain Pandemics Patients Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SARS-CoV-2 Science & Technology Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Signs and symptoms |
| title | Defining Post-COVID Symptoms (Post-Acute COVID, Long COVID, Persistent Post-COVID): An Integrative Classification |
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