Near‐Infrared‐Driven Photocatalysts: Design, Construction, and Applications

Photocatalysts, which utilize solar energy to catalyze the oxidation or reduction half reactions, have attracted tremendous interest due to their great potential in addressing increasingly severe global energy and environmental issues. Solar energy utilization plays an important role in determining photocatalytic efficiencies. In the past few decades, many studies have been done to promote photocatalytic efficiencies via extending the absorption of solar energy into near‐infrared (NIR) light. This Review comprehensively summarizes the recent progress in NIR‐driven photocatalysts, including the strategies to harvest NIR photons and corresponding photocatalytic applications such as the degradation of organic pollutants, water disinfection, water splitting for H2 and O2 evolution, CO2 reduction, etc. The application of NIR‐active photocatalysts employed as electrocatalysts is also presented. The subject matter of this Review is designed to present the relationship between material structure and material optical properties as well as the advantage of material modification in photocatalytic reactions. It paves the way for future material design in solar energy–related fields and other energy conversion and storage fields. This Review summarizes recent progress on near‐infrared (NIR)‐driven photocatalysts, including four strategies such as adopting upconversion/surface plasmon resonance (SPR)/chromophore components and employing bandgap engineering to harvest NIR photons, as well as NIR active photocatalytic oxidation/reduction reactions such as water splitting, NO photooxidation, CO2 photoreduction, N2 photofixation, etc. The application of NIR‐active photocatalysts employed as electrocatalysts is presented.