RETRACTED ARTICLE: One-parameter scaling transformations of Maxwell nanofluid with Ludwig–Soret and pedesis motion passed over stretching–shrinking surfaces

The study of the two-dimensional Maxwell nanofluid flows comprises influences of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), Joule heating, thermal radiation, chemical reaction, Ludwig–Soret and pedesis motion that crosses stretching–shrinking surfaces. The momentum, thermal, and nano-concentrated boundary layer equations (BLEs) have been acquired with suction–injection phenomena. The governed partial differential equations (PDEs) are managed by the method of Lie scaling, a special class of the method of the Lie group. In the MATLAB, a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with the aid of bvp4c was numerically solved. The graphs demonstrate the effects of various material parameters on the momentum, thermal and nano-concentrated profiles. For both stretching and shrinking surfaces, the graphical effects are displayed. As Maxwell nanofluid moves through the stretching surface, it reduces the momentum profile. In the case of shrinking surface, as the Deborah number increases, the magnitude of the momentum profile is increased. Thermal properties were improved by magnetized nanofluid particles as nanofluid travelled through the stretched surface but had an opposing activity in case of a decrease. As the heat transfer to mass diffusiveness ratio increased, the nano-concentration variations improved on both stretching and shrinking surfaces. Influences of material parameters analyzed via the tables for the radiative local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers.