Isotonitazene: Fatal intoxication in three cases involving this unreported novel psychoactive substance in Switzerland
•Isotonitazene quantification in human post-mortem tissues, blood and hair.•Isotonitazene accumulation in brain and hearth and very low concentration in liver.•Isotonitazene powder determination using GC-MS, NMR.•Very low isotonitazene concentration in blood can be fatal. The paper describes the fir...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Forensic science international 2021-03, Vol.320, p.110686, Article 110686 |
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| creator | Mueller, F. Bogdal, C. Pfeiffer, B. Andrello, L. Ceschi, A. Thomas, A. Grata, E. |
| description | •Isotonitazene quantification in human post-mortem tissues, blood and hair.•Isotonitazene accumulation in brain and hearth and very low concentration in liver.•Isotonitazene powder determination using GC-MS, NMR.•Very low isotonitazene concentration in blood can be fatal.
The paper describes the first three deaths reported in Europe involved in isotonitazene consumption, a potent benzimidazole derivate opioid consumed in the recreational drug scene. Isotonitazene powder and purity determination was performed on the sample collected in the first death scene by NMR, HRMS, GC-FTIR, ATR-FTIR and GC–MS. Isotonitazene purity was determined by GC–MS analysis and proton NMR, and was defined to be above 95 % and 98 %, respectively.
Quantification of isotonitazene in biological samples was performed using a targeted analysis based on SPE extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
The isotonitazene median concentration in femoral whole blood was 1.20ng/mL. Isotonitazene concentration in hair was similar or even lower compared to that seen in fentanyl abusers. Isotonitazene distribution in tissues converges in the brain, lungs and heart, respectively. Surprisingly, isotonitazene concentration in liver is the lowest measured for all tissues and fluids analyzed.
Based on circumstantial evidence, autopsy findings and the results of the toxicological analysis, the medical examiner concluded that the cause of all three deaths was an acute intoxication with isotonitazene.
Since isotonitazene toxic concentration levels are very low, the consumption of this new psychoactive drug is a real hazard for human health. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110686 |
| format | Article |
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The paper describes the first three deaths reported in Europe involved in isotonitazene consumption, a potent benzimidazole derivate opioid consumed in the recreational drug scene. Isotonitazene powder and purity determination was performed on the sample collected in the first death scene by NMR, HRMS, GC-FTIR, ATR-FTIR and GC–MS. Isotonitazene purity was determined by GC–MS analysis and proton NMR, and was defined to be above 95 % and 98 %, respectively.
Quantification of isotonitazene in biological samples was performed using a targeted analysis based on SPE extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
The isotonitazene median concentration in femoral whole blood was 1.20ng/mL. Isotonitazene concentration in hair was similar or even lower compared to that seen in fentanyl abusers. Isotonitazene distribution in tissues converges in the brain, lungs and heart, respectively. Surprisingly, isotonitazene concentration in liver is the lowest measured for all tissues and fluids analyzed.
Based on circumstantial evidence, autopsy findings and the results of the toxicological analysis, the medical examiner concluded that the cause of all three deaths was an acute intoxication with isotonitazene.
Since isotonitazene toxic concentration levels are very low, the consumption of this new psychoactive drug is a real hazard for human health.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0379-0738</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-6283</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110686</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33497988</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Ireland: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Acute intoxication ; Atmospheric pressure ; Autopsies ; Autopsy ; Benzimidazoles ; Biological properties ; Biological samples ; Blood levels ; Calibration ; Case reports ; Chromatography ; Consumption ; Drug abuse ; Drugs ; Fatalities ; Fentanyl ; Forensic sciences ; Hair ; Health hazards ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Human tissues post-mortem redistribution ; Intoxication ; Isotonitazene quantification ; LC-MS/MS ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Mass spectroscopy ; Medical research ; Methadone ; Narcotics ; New psychoactive substances ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Opioids ; Psychotropic drugs ; Purity ; Recreational drugs ; Scientific imaging ; Software ; Toxicology ; Urine</subject><ispartof>Forensic science international, 2021-03, Vol.320, p.110686, Article 110686</ispartof><rights>2021 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2021. Elsevier B.V.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d1f1809452f68f4cb0ff57358aa7759cab1f6c5da199a7c9917a215bea5a59c73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d1f1809452f68f4cb0ff57358aa7759cab1f6c5da199a7c9917a215bea5a59c73</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4308-0405 ; 0000-0002-0310-3633 ; 0000-0001-9137-8663 ; 0000-0002-6209-0705</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2493961971?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,3537,27905,27906,45976,64364,64368,72218</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33497988$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mueller, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogdal, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfeiffer, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrello, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ceschi, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grata, E.</creatorcontrib><title>Isotonitazene: Fatal intoxication in three cases involving this unreported novel psychoactive substance in Switzerland</title><title>Forensic science international</title><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><description>•Isotonitazene quantification in human post-mortem tissues, blood and hair.•Isotonitazene accumulation in brain and hearth and very low concentration in liver.•Isotonitazene powder determination using GC-MS, NMR.•Very low isotonitazene concentration in blood can be fatal.
The paper describes the first three deaths reported in Europe involved in isotonitazene consumption, a potent benzimidazole derivate opioid consumed in the recreational drug scene. Isotonitazene powder and purity determination was performed on the sample collected in the first death scene by NMR, HRMS, GC-FTIR, ATR-FTIR and GC–MS. Isotonitazene purity was determined by GC–MS analysis and proton NMR, and was defined to be above 95 % and 98 %, respectively.
Quantification of isotonitazene in biological samples was performed using a targeted analysis based on SPE extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
The isotonitazene median concentration in femoral whole blood was 1.20ng/mL. Isotonitazene concentration in hair was similar or even lower compared to that seen in fentanyl abusers. Isotonitazene distribution in tissues converges in the brain, lungs and heart, respectively. Surprisingly, isotonitazene concentration in liver is the lowest measured for all tissues and fluids analyzed.
Based on circumstantial evidence, autopsy findings and the results of the toxicological analysis, the medical examiner concluded that the cause of all three deaths was an acute intoxication with isotonitazene.
Since isotonitazene toxic concentration levels are very low, the consumption of this new psychoactive drug is a real hazard for human health.</description><subject>Acute intoxication</subject><subject>Atmospheric pressure</subject><subject>Autopsies</subject><subject>Autopsy</subject><subject>Benzimidazoles</subject><subject>Biological properties</subject><subject>Biological samples</subject><subject>Blood levels</subject><subject>Calibration</subject><subject>Case reports</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Consumption</subject><subject>Drug abuse</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Fatalities</subject><subject>Fentanyl</subject><subject>Forensic sciences</subject><subject>Hair</subject><subject>Health hazards</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Human tissues post-mortem redistribution</subject><subject>Intoxication</subject><subject>Isotonitazene quantification</subject><subject>LC-MS/MS</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Mass spectroscopy</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Methadone</subject><subject>Narcotics</subject><subject>New psychoactive substances</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Opioids</subject><subject>Psychotropic drugs</subject><subject>Purity</subject><subject>Recreational drugs</subject><subject>Scientific 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Fatal intoxication in three cases involving this unreported novel psychoactive substance in Switzerland</title><author>Mueller, F. ; Bogdal, C. ; Pfeiffer, B. ; Andrello, L. ; Ceschi, A. ; Thomas, A. ; Grata, E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c415t-d1f1809452f68f4cb0ff57358aa7759cab1f6c5da199a7c9917a215bea5a59c73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Acute intoxication</topic><topic>Atmospheric pressure</topic><topic>Autopsies</topic><topic>Autopsy</topic><topic>Benzimidazoles</topic><topic>Biological properties</topic><topic>Biological samples</topic><topic>Blood levels</topic><topic>Calibration</topic><topic>Case reports</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Consumption</topic><topic>Drug abuse</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Fatalities</topic><topic>Fentanyl</topic><topic>Forensic sciences</topic><topic>Hair</topic><topic>Health 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E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Isotonitazene: Fatal intoxication in three cases involving this unreported novel psychoactive substance in Switzerland</atitle><jtitle>Forensic science international</jtitle><addtitle>Forensic Sci Int</addtitle><date>2021-03</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>320</volume><spage>110686</spage><pages>110686-</pages><artnum>110686</artnum><issn>0379-0738</issn><eissn>1872-6283</eissn><abstract>•Isotonitazene quantification in human post-mortem tissues, blood and hair.•Isotonitazene accumulation in brain and hearth and very low concentration in liver.•Isotonitazene powder determination using GC-MS, NMR.•Very low isotonitazene concentration in blood can be fatal.
The paper describes the first three deaths reported in Europe involved in isotonitazene consumption, a potent benzimidazole derivate opioid consumed in the recreational drug scene. Isotonitazene powder and purity determination was performed on the sample collected in the first death scene by NMR, HRMS, GC-FTIR, ATR-FTIR and GC–MS. Isotonitazene purity was determined by GC–MS analysis and proton NMR, and was defined to be above 95 % and 98 %, respectively.
Quantification of isotonitazene in biological samples was performed using a targeted analysis based on SPE extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
The isotonitazene median concentration in femoral whole blood was 1.20ng/mL. Isotonitazene concentration in hair was similar or even lower compared to that seen in fentanyl abusers. Isotonitazene distribution in tissues converges in the brain, lungs and heart, respectively. Surprisingly, isotonitazene concentration in liver is the lowest measured for all tissues and fluids analyzed.
Based on circumstantial evidence, autopsy findings and the results of the toxicological analysis, the medical examiner concluded that the cause of all three deaths was an acute intoxication with isotonitazene.
Since isotonitazene toxic concentration levels are very low, the consumption of this new psychoactive drug is a real hazard for human health.</abstract><cop>Ireland</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>33497988</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110686</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4308-0405</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0310-3633</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9137-8663</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6209-0705</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Forensic science international, 2021-03, Vol.320, p.110686, Article 110686 |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals; ProQuest Central UK/Ireland |
| subjects | Acute intoxication Atmospheric pressure Autopsies Autopsy Benzimidazoles Biological properties Biological samples Blood levels Calibration Case reports Chromatography Consumption Drug abuse Drugs Fatalities Fentanyl Forensic sciences Hair Health hazards High performance liquid chromatography Human tissues post-mortem redistribution Intoxication Isotonitazene quantification LC-MS/MS Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Mass spectroscopy Medical research Methadone Narcotics New psychoactive substances NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Opioids Psychotropic drugs Purity Recreational drugs Scientific imaging Software Toxicology Urine |
| title | Isotonitazene: Fatal intoxication in three cases involving this unreported novel psychoactive substance in Switzerland |
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