Ecotoxicological evaluation of imazalil transformation products on Eisenia Andrei
Data concerning the toxicity of the transformation products of some pesticides considered emerging contaminants are still incipient. This study aimed to evaluate acute (filter paper contact and avoidance test) and chronic (assays carried out in Red yellow Ultisoil) effects of the transformation prod...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecotoxicology (London) 2021-03, Vol.30 (2), p.198-212 |
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| creator | Correia, Fábio Veríssimo Pereira, Patrícia Christina Genázio Junior, Sidney Fernandes Sales Jiménez-Tototzintle, Margarita Saggioro, Enrico Mendes |
| description | Data concerning the toxicity of the transformation products of some pesticides considered emerging contaminants are still incipient. This study aimed to evaluate acute (filter paper contact and avoidance test) and chronic (assays carried out in Red yellow Ultisoil) effects of the transformation products of the fungicide imazalil (IMZ) by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
2
/UV) in
Eisenia andrei
. Some endpoints, i.e. biomass variation, disorder in reproduction and avoidance behavior, cytotoxicity (cell density and feasibility), and coelomic fluid (eleocytes and amoebocytes, immune cell) and antioxidant system (catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) changes were assessed. The studied degradation times (6, 18, 35 and 90 min) represented 70; 35; 10 and 0% of the initial IMZ concentration (5 mg L
−1
). No lethality and no significant difference in biomass variations were noted in the acute contact test. Decreased GST and increased CAT activities, as well as cell typing alterations and decreased cell viability and density detected at the 90-min degradation timepoint (PDT-90) indicate direct cytotoxic IMZ transformation product effects. In the avoidance test, no significant earthworm repulsion or attraction was observed. PDT-90 transformation products were responsible for losses in biomass and a reduction in the number of earthworm cocoons and juveniles present in soil. No cytotoxic effects were observed in the long term, although increased CAT and decreased GST activities were observed. Investigations on the relative toxicity of IMZ transformation products are relevant for future discussions regarding the environmental treatment, control and destination of this compound and its derivatives. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10646-021-02353-1 |
| format | Article |
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2
/UV) in
Eisenia andrei
. Some endpoints, i.e. biomass variation, disorder in reproduction and avoidance behavior, cytotoxicity (cell density and feasibility), and coelomic fluid (eleocytes and amoebocytes, immune cell) and antioxidant system (catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) changes were assessed. The studied degradation times (6, 18, 35 and 90 min) represented 70; 35; 10 and 0% of the initial IMZ concentration (5 mg L
−1
). No lethality and no significant difference in biomass variations were noted in the acute contact test. Decreased GST and increased CAT activities, as well as cell typing alterations and decreased cell viability and density detected at the 90-min degradation timepoint (PDT-90) indicate direct cytotoxic IMZ transformation product effects. In the avoidance test, no significant earthworm repulsion or attraction was observed. PDT-90 transformation products were responsible for losses in biomass and a reduction in the number of earthworm cocoons and juveniles present in soil. No cytotoxic effects were observed in the long term, although increased CAT and decreased GST activities were observed. Investigations on the relative toxicity of IMZ transformation products are relevant for future discussions regarding the environmental treatment, control and destination of this compound and its derivatives.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0963-9292</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-3017</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02353-1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33566272</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Amoebocytes ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; Avoidance ; Avoidance behavior ; Avoidance behaviour ; Biodegradation ; Biomass ; Catalase ; Cell density ; Cell viability ; Coelomic fluids ; Contact ; Contaminants ; Cytotoxicity ; Degradation ; Density ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Ecology ; Ecotoxicology ; Environment ; Environmental Management ; Evaluation ; Feasibility studies ; Filter paper ; Fungicides ; Glutathione ; Glutathione transferase ; Imidazoles ; Immune system ; Juveniles ; Lethality ; Oligochaeta ; Oxidative stress ; Pesticides ; Soil ; Soil contamination ; Soil Pollutants - analysis ; Soil Pollutants - toxicity ; Titanium dioxide ; Toxicity ; Transformations</subject><ispartof>Ecotoxicology (London), 2021-03, Vol.30 (2), p.198-212</ispartof><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature 2021</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer</rights><rights>The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature 2021.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-47e0e230ab54939862b2220edfb747fdb92999446d82f10438042dce47a359723</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c414t-47e0e230ab54939862b2220edfb747fdb92999446d82f10438042dce47a359723</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-4264-8919</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10646-021-02353-1$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10646-021-02353-1$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,778,782,27907,27908,41471,42540,51302</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33566272$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Correia, Fábio Veríssimo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pereira, Patrícia Christina Genázio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Junior, Sidney Fernandes Sales</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiménez-Tototzintle, Margarita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saggioro, Enrico Mendes</creatorcontrib><title>Ecotoxicological evaluation of imazalil transformation products on Eisenia Andrei</title><title>Ecotoxicology (London)</title><addtitle>Ecotoxicology</addtitle><addtitle>Ecotoxicology</addtitle><description>Data concerning the toxicity of the transformation products of some pesticides considered emerging contaminants are still incipient. This study aimed to evaluate acute (filter paper contact and avoidance test) and chronic (assays carried out in Red yellow Ultisoil) effects of the transformation products of the fungicide imazalil (IMZ) by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
2
/UV) in
Eisenia andrei
. Some endpoints, i.e. biomass variation, disorder in reproduction and avoidance behavior, cytotoxicity (cell density and feasibility), and coelomic fluid (eleocytes and amoebocytes, immune cell) and antioxidant system (catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) changes were assessed. The studied degradation times (6, 18, 35 and 90 min) represented 70; 35; 10 and 0% of the initial IMZ concentration (5 mg L
−1
). No lethality and no significant difference in biomass variations were noted in the acute contact test. Decreased GST and increased CAT activities, as well as cell typing alterations and decreased cell viability and density detected at the 90-min degradation timepoint (PDT-90) indicate direct cytotoxic IMZ transformation product effects. In the avoidance test, no significant earthworm repulsion or attraction was observed. PDT-90 transformation products were responsible for losses in biomass and a reduction in the number of earthworm cocoons and juveniles present in soil. No cytotoxic effects were observed in the long term, although increased CAT and decreased GST activities were observed. Investigations on the relative toxicity of IMZ transformation products are relevant for future discussions regarding the environmental treatment, control and destination of this compound and its derivatives.</description><subject>Amoebocytes</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Avoidance</subject><subject>Avoidance behavior</subject><subject>Avoidance behaviour</subject><subject>Biodegradation</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Cell density</subject><subject>Cell viability</subject><subject>Coelomic fluids</subject><subject>Contact</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Density</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Management</subject><subject>Evaluation</subject><subject>Feasibility 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Christina Genázio</au><au>Junior, Sidney Fernandes Sales</au><au>Jiménez-Tototzintle, Margarita</au><au>Saggioro, Enrico Mendes</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ecotoxicological evaluation of imazalil transformation products on Eisenia Andrei</atitle><jtitle>Ecotoxicology (London)</jtitle><stitle>Ecotoxicology</stitle><addtitle>Ecotoxicology</addtitle><date>2021-03-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>198</spage><epage>212</epage><pages>198-212</pages><issn>0963-9292</issn><eissn>1573-3017</eissn><abstract>Data concerning the toxicity of the transformation products of some pesticides considered emerging contaminants are still incipient. This study aimed to evaluate acute (filter paper contact and avoidance test) and chronic (assays carried out in Red yellow Ultisoil) effects of the transformation products of the fungicide imazalil (IMZ) by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO
2
/UV) in
Eisenia andrei
. Some endpoints, i.e. biomass variation, disorder in reproduction and avoidance behavior, cytotoxicity (cell density and feasibility), and coelomic fluid (eleocytes and amoebocytes, immune cell) and antioxidant system (catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST)) changes were assessed. The studied degradation times (6, 18, 35 and 90 min) represented 70; 35; 10 and 0% of the initial IMZ concentration (5 mg L
−1
). No lethality and no significant difference in biomass variations were noted in the acute contact test. Decreased GST and increased CAT activities, as well as cell typing alterations and decreased cell viability and density detected at the 90-min degradation timepoint (PDT-90) indicate direct cytotoxic IMZ transformation product effects. In the avoidance test, no significant earthworm repulsion or attraction was observed. PDT-90 transformation products were responsible for losses in biomass and a reduction in the number of earthworm cocoons and juveniles present in soil. No cytotoxic effects were observed in the long term, although increased CAT and decreased GST activities were observed. Investigations on the relative toxicity of IMZ transformation products are relevant for future discussions regarding the environmental treatment, control and destination of this compound and its derivatives.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>33566272</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10646-021-02353-1</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-8919</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Ecotoxicology (London), 2021-03, Vol.30 (2), p.198-212 |
| issn | 0963-9292 1573-3017 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Amoebocytes Animals Antioxidants Avoidance Avoidance behavior Avoidance behaviour Biodegradation Biomass Catalase Cell density Cell viability Coelomic fluids Contact Contaminants Cytotoxicity Degradation Density Earth and Environmental Science Ecology Ecotoxicology Environment Environmental Management Evaluation Feasibility studies Filter paper Fungicides Glutathione Glutathione transferase Imidazoles Immune system Juveniles Lethality Oligochaeta Oxidative stress Pesticides Soil Soil contamination Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - toxicity Titanium dioxide Toxicity Transformations |
| title | Ecotoxicological evaluation of imazalil transformation products on Eisenia Andrei |
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