A Citric Acid/Na2S2O3 System for the Efficient Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) appears inevitable for both environmental protection and resource recovery. In the present study, an efficient hydrometallurgical leaching of Co and Li from cathode materials of spent LIBs using a citric acid/sodium thiosulfate (Na...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | JOM (1989) 2019-10, Vol.71 (10), p.3673-3681 |
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| container_title | JOM (1989) |
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| creator | Gao, Guilan He, Xin Lou, Xiaoyi Jiao, Zheng Guo, Yaoguang Chen, Shuai Luo, Xingmin Sun, Suyang Guan, Jie Yuan, Hao |
| description | Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) appears inevitable for both environmental protection and resource recovery. In the present study, an efficient hydrometallurgical leaching of Co and Li from cathode materials of spent LIBs using a citric acid/sodium thiosulfate (Na
2
S
2
O
3
) system is explored. The effects of citric acid and Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentrations, leaching time, temperature, and the solid/liquid (
S
/
L
) ratio on the leaching processes are also examined. With the exception of the
S
/
L
ratio, the increase of citric acid concentration, Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentration, leaching time, and temperature all have positive effects on the leaching of Co and Li. Ultimately, approximately 96% of Co and 99% of Li are recycled from the spent LIBs in this citric acid/sodium thiosulfate system under the leaching conditions of an
S
/
L
ratio of 20 g l
−1
, concentration of Na
2
S
2
O
3
of 0.3 M, concentration of citric acid of 1.2 M, leaching time of 30 min, and leaching temperature of 70°C. The Avrami equation is well fitted by the data of the leaching processes, and model equations are built to describe the leaching of Co and Li. Furthermore, pure sulfur can be obtained as a by-product during the leaching process, and SO
2
produced during the reaction is easily collected as a raw material for industrial production of sulfuric acid. The present study represents a promising process for hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11837-019-03629-y |
| format | Article |
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2
S
2
O
3
) system is explored. The effects of citric acid and Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentrations, leaching time, temperature, and the solid/liquid (
S
/
L
) ratio on the leaching processes are also examined. With the exception of the
S
/
L
ratio, the increase of citric acid concentration, Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentration, leaching time, and temperature all have positive effects on the leaching of Co and Li. Ultimately, approximately 96% of Co and 99% of Li are recycled from the spent LIBs in this citric acid/sodium thiosulfate system under the leaching conditions of an
S
/
L
ratio of 20 g l
−1
, concentration of Na
2
S
2
O
3
of 0.3 M, concentration of citric acid of 1.2 M, leaching time of 30 min, and leaching temperature of 70°C. The Avrami equation is well fitted by the data of the leaching processes, and model equations are built to describe the leaching of Co and Li. Furthermore, pure sulfur can be obtained as a by-product during the leaching process, and SO
2
produced during the reaction is easily collected as a raw material for industrial production of sulfuric acid. The present study represents a promising process for hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1047-4838</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1543-1851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11837-019-03629-y</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Avrami equation ; Batteries ; Chemistry/Food Science ; Chromatography ; Citric acid ; Cobalt ; Earth Sciences ; Efficiency ; Electrode materials ; Energy consumption ; Engineering ; Environment ; Environmental protection ; Leachates ; Leaching ; Lithium ; Lithium-ion batteries ; Materials recovery ; Metals ; Morphology ; Physics ; Raw materials ; Rechargeable batteries ; Recycling ; Resource recovery ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Sodium ; Sodium thiosulfate ; Sulfur ; Sulfuric acid ; Thiosulfates ; Toxicity ; Urban Mining: Characterization and Recycling of Solid Wastes ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>JOM (1989), 2019-10, Vol.71 (10), p.3673-3681</ispartof><rights>The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2019</rights><rights>Copyright Springer Nature B.V. Oct 2019</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-9d5051bf072e3a8256fad17e5ddae6c9e911e7287fc6fcf63103f54fff30afb23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-9d5051bf072e3a8256fad17e5ddae6c9e911e7287fc6fcf63103f54fff30afb23</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1197-3142</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11837-019-03629-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11837-019-03629-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gao, Guilan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>He, Xin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lou, Xiaoyi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiao, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Yaoguang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Shuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Xingmin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Suyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guan, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Hao</creatorcontrib><title>A Citric Acid/Na2S2O3 System for the Efficient Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries</title><title>JOM (1989)</title><addtitle>JOM</addtitle><description>Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) appears inevitable for both environmental protection and resource recovery. In the present study, an efficient hydrometallurgical leaching of Co and Li from cathode materials of spent LIBs using a citric acid/sodium thiosulfate (Na
2
S
2
O
3
) system is explored. The effects of citric acid and Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentrations, leaching time, temperature, and the solid/liquid (
S
/
L
) ratio on the leaching processes are also examined. With the exception of the
S
/
L
ratio, the increase of citric acid concentration, Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentration, leaching time, and temperature all have positive effects on the leaching of Co and Li. Ultimately, approximately 96% of Co and 99% of Li are recycled from the spent LIBs in this citric acid/sodium thiosulfate system under the leaching conditions of an
S
/
L
ratio of 20 g l
−1
, concentration of Na
2
S
2
O
3
of 0.3 M, concentration of citric acid of 1.2 M, leaching time of 30 min, and leaching temperature of 70°C. The Avrami equation is well fitted by the data of the leaching processes, and model equations are built to describe the leaching of Co and Li. Furthermore, pure sulfur can be obtained as a by-product during the leaching process, and SO
2
produced during the reaction is easily collected as a raw material for industrial production of sulfuric acid. The present study represents a promising process for hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs.</description><subject>Avrami equation</subject><subject>Batteries</subject><subject>Chemistry/Food Science</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Citric acid</subject><subject>Cobalt</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Electrode materials</subject><subject>Energy consumption</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Leachates</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Lithium</subject><subject>Lithium-ion batteries</subject><subject>Materials recovery</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Rechargeable batteries</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>Resource recovery</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Sodium thiosulfate</subject><subject>Sulfur</subject><subject>Sulfuric acid</subject><subject>Thiosulfates</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Urban Mining: Characterization and Recycling of Solid Wastes</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>1047-4838</issn><issn>1543-1851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1PAjEQQDdGExH9A56aeK70Yz-PSFBJUA6o16Z0Z6DI7mJbDvx7K2vizdPM4b2Z5CXJLWf3nLFi5DkvZUEZryiTuajo8SwZ8CyVlJcZP487SwualrK8TK6837IopRUfJJ9jMrHBWUPGxtajVy2WYiHJ8ugDNAQ7R8IGyBTRGgttIHPQZmPbNemQfOjdQa92QF4g6J0n6LqGLPcnzIaNPTR01rXkQYcAzoK_Ti4wcnDzO4fJ--P0bfJM54un2WQ8p0ZmZaBVnbGMr5AVAqQuRZajrnkBWV1ryE0FFedQiLJAk6PBXHImMUsRUTKNKyGHyV1_d--6rwP4oLbdwbXxpRJpxaLJUhkp0VPGdd47QLV3ttHuqDhTP1FVH1XFqOoUVR2jJHvJR7hdg_s7_Y_1Dd0Rek8</recordid><startdate>20191001</startdate><enddate>20191001</enddate><creator>Gao, Guilan</creator><creator>He, Xin</creator><creator>Lou, Xiaoyi</creator><creator>Jiao, Zheng</creator><creator>Guo, Yaoguang</creator><creator>Chen, Shuai</creator><creator>Luo, Xingmin</creator><creator>Sun, Suyang</creator><creator>Guan, Jie</creator><creator>Yuan, Hao</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>883</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>M0F</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-3142</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191001</creationdate><title>A Citric Acid/Na2S2O3 System for the Efficient Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries</title><author>Gao, Guilan ; He, Xin ; Lou, Xiaoyi ; Jiao, Zheng ; Guo, Yaoguang ; Chen, Shuai ; Luo, Xingmin ; Sun, Suyang ; Guan, Jie ; Yuan, Hao</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c358t-9d5051bf072e3a8256fad17e5ddae6c9e911e7287fc6fcf63103f54fff30afb23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Avrami equation</topic><topic>Batteries</topic><topic>Chemistry/Food Science</topic><topic>Chromatography</topic><topic>Citric acid</topic><topic>Cobalt</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Electrode materials</topic><topic>Energy consumption</topic><topic>Engineering</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Environmental protection</topic><topic>Leachates</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Lithium</topic><topic>Lithium-ion 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Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Hao</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Access via ABI/INFORM (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest 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(1989)</jtitle><stitle>JOM</stitle><date>2019-10-01</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>71</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>3673</spage><epage>3681</epage><pages>3673-3681</pages><issn>1047-4838</issn><eissn>1543-1851</eissn><abstract>Recycling of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) appears inevitable for both environmental protection and resource recovery. In the present study, an efficient hydrometallurgical leaching of Co and Li from cathode materials of spent LIBs using a citric acid/sodium thiosulfate (Na
2
S
2
O
3
) system is explored. The effects of citric acid and Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentrations, leaching time, temperature, and the solid/liquid (
S
/
L
) ratio on the leaching processes are also examined. With the exception of the
S
/
L
ratio, the increase of citric acid concentration, Na
2
S
2
O
3
concentration, leaching time, and temperature all have positive effects on the leaching of Co and Li. Ultimately, approximately 96% of Co and 99% of Li are recycled from the spent LIBs in this citric acid/sodium thiosulfate system under the leaching conditions of an
S
/
L
ratio of 20 g l
−1
, concentration of Na
2
S
2
O
3
of 0.3 M, concentration of citric acid of 1.2 M, leaching time of 30 min, and leaching temperature of 70°C. The Avrami equation is well fitted by the data of the leaching processes, and model equations are built to describe the leaching of Co and Li. Furthermore, pure sulfur can be obtained as a by-product during the leaching process, and SO
2
produced during the reaction is easily collected as a raw material for industrial production of sulfuric acid. The present study represents a promising process for hydrometallurgical recovery of valuable metals from spent LIBs.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s11837-019-03629-y</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-3142</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1047-4838 |
| ispartof | JOM (1989), 2019-10, Vol.71 (10), p.3673-3681 |
| issn | 1047-4838 1543-1851 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2490287043 |
| source | SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Avrami equation Batteries Chemistry/Food Science Chromatography Citric acid Cobalt Earth Sciences Efficiency Electrode materials Energy consumption Engineering Environment Environmental protection Leachates Leaching Lithium Lithium-ion batteries Materials recovery Metals Morphology Physics Raw materials Rechargeable batteries Recycling Resource recovery Scanning electron microscopy Sodium Sodium thiosulfate Sulfur Sulfuric acid Thiosulfates Toxicity Urban Mining: Characterization and Recycling of Solid Wastes Variance analysis |
| title | A Citric Acid/Na2S2O3 System for the Efficient Leaching of Valuable Metals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries |
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