The maxima in northerly wind speeds and wave heights over the Arabian Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea derived from 40 years of ERA5 data
Recent studies point out the importance of northerly winds and waves in the Arabian Sea, especially those due to shamal and makran events in addition to the northeast monsoon system. We have analyzed climatology and trends of northerly maximum wind speed and significant wave height (H s ) in the Ara...
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description | Recent studies point out the importance of northerly winds and waves in the Arabian Sea, especially those due to shamal and makran events in addition to the northeast monsoon system. We have analyzed climatology and trends of northerly maximum wind speed and significant wave height (H
s
) in the Arabian Sea and the connected marginal seas, Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, during non-monsoon season derived from 40 years of ERA5 wind and wave data, and estimated monthly, annual and decadal extreme climate and their trends. The study brings out an increasing trend in the northerly maximum wind speed (0.8–1.2 cm/s/year) and H
s
(0.42–0.88 cm/year) in the southern and central Arabian Sea, which is consistent with the global trend in extreme wind speed and H
s
. The northern Arabian Sea including the Sea of Oman exhibits significant decreasing trend in northerly maximum wind speed (− 1.4 cm/s/year) and H
s
(− 0.67 cm/year), while the Gulf and the Red Sea exhibit sectorial contrasting trend, indicating the dominance of localized effects in modifying the regional climate. Distinct features identified in the climate and trends of northerly winds and waves are further discussed. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00382-020-05518-6 |
format | Article |
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s
) in the Arabian Sea and the connected marginal seas, Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, during non-monsoon season derived from 40 years of ERA5 wind and wave data, and estimated monthly, annual and decadal extreme climate and their trends. The study brings out an increasing trend in the northerly maximum wind speed (0.8–1.2 cm/s/year) and H
s
(0.42–0.88 cm/year) in the southern and central Arabian Sea, which is consistent with the global trend in extreme wind speed and H
s
. The northern Arabian Sea including the Sea of Oman exhibits significant decreasing trend in northerly maximum wind speed (− 1.4 cm/s/year) and H
s
(− 0.67 cm/year), while the Gulf and the Red Sea exhibit sectorial contrasting trend, indicating the dominance of localized effects in modifying the regional climate. Distinct features identified in the climate and trends of northerly winds and waves are further discussed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0930-7575</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0894</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00382-020-05518-6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Arabian Sea ; Climate ; Climate effects ; Climatic extremes ; Climatology ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Extreme wind speeds ; Geophysics/Geodesy ; Hurricanes ; Marginal seas ; Maxima ; Maximum winds ; Measurement ; Monsoon climates ; monsoon season ; Monsoons ; Ocean waves ; Oceanography ; Oman ; Persian Gulf ; Red Sea ; Regional climates ; Significant wave height ; Speed ; Trends ; Wave data ; Wave height ; Wind ; wind direction ; Wind speed ; Winds</subject><ispartof>Climate dynamics, 2021-02, Vol.56 (3-4), p.1037-1052</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2020 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c456t-efe868e8fcac608e844f3910f54cee3c008f43488294add92d0748cd5847a2813</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c456t-efe868e8fcac608e844f3910f54cee3c008f43488294add92d0748cd5847a2813</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0385-6918</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00382-020-05518-6$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00382-020-05518-6$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Aboobacker, V. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanas, P. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Al-Ansari, Ebrahim M. A. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sanil Kumar, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vethamony, P.</creatorcontrib><title>The maxima in northerly wind speeds and wave heights over the Arabian Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea derived from 40 years of ERA5 data</title><title>Climate dynamics</title><addtitle>Clim Dyn</addtitle><description>Recent studies point out the importance of northerly winds and waves in the Arabian Sea, especially those due to shamal and makran events in addition to the northeast monsoon system. We have analyzed climatology and trends of northerly maximum wind speed and significant wave height (H
s
) in the Arabian Sea and the connected marginal seas, Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, during non-monsoon season derived from 40 years of ERA5 wind and wave data, and estimated monthly, annual and decadal extreme climate and their trends. The study brings out an increasing trend in the northerly maximum wind speed (0.8–1.2 cm/s/year) and H
s
(0.42–0.88 cm/year) in the southern and central Arabian Sea, which is consistent with the global trend in extreme wind speed and H
s
. The northern Arabian Sea including the Sea of Oman exhibits significant decreasing trend in northerly maximum wind speed (− 1.4 cm/s/year) and H
s
(− 0.67 cm/year), while the Gulf and the Red Sea exhibit sectorial contrasting trend, indicating the dominance of localized effects in modifying the regional climate. Distinct features identified in the climate and trends of northerly winds and waves are further discussed.</description><subject>Arabian Sea</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate effects</subject><subject>Climatic extremes</subject><subject>Climatology</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>Extreme wind speeds</subject><subject>Geophysics/Geodesy</subject><subject>Hurricanes</subject><subject>Marginal seas</subject><subject>Maxima</subject><subject>Maximum winds</subject><subject>Measurement</subject><subject>Monsoon climates</subject><subject>monsoon season</subject><subject>Monsoons</subject><subject>Ocean waves</subject><subject>Oceanography</subject><subject>Oman</subject><subject>Persian Gulf</subject><subject>Red Sea</subject><subject>Regional climates</subject><subject>Significant wave height</subject><subject>Speed</subject><subject>Trends</subject><subject>Wave data</subject><subject>Wave height</subject><subject>Wind</subject><subject>wind direction</subject><subject>Wind speed</subject><subject>Winds</subject><issn>0930-7575</issn><issn>1432-0894</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kt9qFDEUxgex4Nr6Al4FBFFw2kz-zGQul1JroaBs63WIk5OdlNlkTTLb7pN467P4ZGY6gl0vvMrhnN93-A75iuJ1hU8rjJuziDEVpMQEl5jzSpT1s2JRMZpbomXPiwVuKS4b3vAXxcsY7zCuWN2QRfHjtge0UQ92o5B1yPmQegjDHt1bp1HcAuiIVC7v1Q5QD3bdp4j8DgLKIFoG9c0qh25AfXjaOPsCIU6Dy3Ewj_ppuAI9kUhDsLtcm-A3iOFfP_egQt5q0MVqyZFWSZ0UR0YNEV79eY-Lrx8vbs8_ldefL6_Ol9dlx3idSjAgagHCdKqrcS4YM7StsOGsA6AdxsIwyoQgLVNat0TjholOc8EaRURFj4t3895t8N9HiElubOxgGJQDP0ZJeMNoTUVbZ_TNP-idH4PL7iRhoiG8JmyiTmdqrQaQ1hmfgsrulIaN7bwDY3N_WfOKUEZpkwXvDwSZSfCQ1mqMUV7drA7Zt0_YHtSQ-uiHMVnv4iFIZrALPsYARm5D_uKwlxWWU2LknBiZEyMfEyMn63QWxQy7NYS_B_5H9RtqHsDM</recordid><startdate>20210201</startdate><enddate>20210201</enddate><creator>Aboobacker, V. 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M. ; Shanas, P. R. ; Al-Ansari, Ebrahim M. A. 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M.</au><au>Shanas, P. R.</au><au>Al-Ansari, Ebrahim M. A. S.</au><au>Sanil Kumar, V.</au><au>Vethamony, P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The maxima in northerly wind speeds and wave heights over the Arabian Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea derived from 40 years of ERA5 data</atitle><jtitle>Climate dynamics</jtitle><stitle>Clim Dyn</stitle><date>2021-02-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>3-4</issue><spage>1037</spage><epage>1052</epage><pages>1037-1052</pages><issn>0930-7575</issn><eissn>1432-0894</eissn><abstract>Recent studies point out the importance of northerly winds and waves in the Arabian Sea, especially those due to shamal and makran events in addition to the northeast monsoon system. We have analyzed climatology and trends of northerly maximum wind speed and significant wave height (H
s
) in the Arabian Sea and the connected marginal seas, Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, during non-monsoon season derived from 40 years of ERA5 wind and wave data, and estimated monthly, annual and decadal extreme climate and their trends. The study brings out an increasing trend in the northerly maximum wind speed (0.8–1.2 cm/s/year) and H
s
(0.42–0.88 cm/year) in the southern and central Arabian Sea, which is consistent with the global trend in extreme wind speed and H
s
. The northern Arabian Sea including the Sea of Oman exhibits significant decreasing trend in northerly maximum wind speed (− 1.4 cm/s/year) and H
s
(− 0.67 cm/year), while the Gulf and the Red Sea exhibit sectorial contrasting trend, indicating the dominance of localized effects in modifying the regional climate. Distinct features identified in the climate and trends of northerly winds and waves are further discussed.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><doi>10.1007/s00382-020-05518-6</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0385-6918</orcidid></addata></record> |
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source | Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
subjects | Arabian Sea Climate Climate effects Climatic extremes Climatology Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Extreme wind speeds Geophysics/Geodesy Hurricanes Marginal seas Maxima Maximum winds Measurement Monsoon climates monsoon season Monsoons Ocean waves Oceanography Oman Persian Gulf Red Sea Regional climates Significant wave height Speed Trends Wave data Wave height Wind wind direction Wind speed Winds |
title | The maxima in northerly wind speeds and wave heights over the Arabian Sea, the Arabian/Persian Gulf and the Red Sea derived from 40 years of ERA5 data |
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