Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice
Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicu...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Phytotherapy research 2021-01, Vol.35 (1), p.311-323 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 323 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 311 |
| container_title | Phytotherapy research |
| container_volume | 35 |
| creator | Liu, Wei Leng, Jing Hou, Jin‐gang Jiang, Shuang Wang, Zi Liu, Zhi Gong, Xiao‐jie Chen, Chen Wang, Ying‐ping Li, Wei |
| description | Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ptr.6801 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2481603386</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2481603386</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2641-723cebe5fdbc38e87d8bf043aa353de5a6af0bcd68aa5e807b94056f8d204f4f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kc1u1DAURi1ERacFiSdAltiwSbHj_DjLqioUtagjKBK76Ca-nnE1cYLtDO2OR-B1eJ0-CXeYwo6VFz4-9_P9GHspxYkUIn87pXBSaSGfsIUUTZPJslZP2UI0pcwKqb8esqMYb4UQTS6KZ-xQ5XVV08WC_foM0-idj9xgcFs03IZx4GmNPCYcIgdv-AZhi5GPli_Bwx1fEY9-xSEl9DMkYvswJtjwNUJ6-PHTeTP35IoThgHSuELvem5ggBXyrQPu_Np1LjmS7EZ9PF1e8gGNI5fh450zkCgMRQgY9xko5pTG6CK95YPr8Tk7sLCJ-OLxPGZf3p3fnF1kV9fvP5ydXmV9XhUyq3PVY4elNV2vNOra6M6KQgGoUhksoQIrut5UGqBELequKURZWW1oVbaw6pi93nunMH6bMab2dpyDp5FtXmhZCaV0RdSbPUWLiDGgbafgBgj3rRTtrqOWOmp3HRH66lE4d_Tnf-DfUgjI9sB3t8H7_4ra5c2nP8LfW8Wg9A</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2481603386</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Liu, Wei ; Leng, Jing ; Hou, Jin‐gang ; Jiang, Shuang ; Wang, Zi ; Liu, Zhi ; Gong, Xiao‐jie ; Chen, Chen ; Wang, Ying‐ping ; Li, Wei</creator><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei ; Leng, Jing ; Hou, Jin‐gang ; Jiang, Shuang ; Wang, Zi ; Liu, Zhi ; Gong, Xiao‐jie ; Chen, Chen ; Wang, Ying‐ping ; Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><description>Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p < .05). GSLS exhibited the protective potential against HS‐induced injury not only by modulating Bcl‐2 family and caspase protease family, but also by suppressing the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and activation of Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < .05). In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that GSLS exhibited a significant protective effect against HS‐induced testicular dysfunction, mainly the inhibition of oxidative stress associated apoptosis partly via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0951-418X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1573</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6801</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32767418</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Caspase ; Germ cells ; Giant cells ; Ginseng ; Glutathione ; Glutathione - metabolism ; Heat shock proteins ; Heat stress ; Heat tolerance ; Heat treatment ; Heat treatments ; Heme ; Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism ; Hot Temperature - adverse effects ; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism ; Hsp70 protein ; Hyperthermia ; Hypoxia ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism ; Kinases ; Leaves ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; Malondialdehyde - metabolism ; MAP kinase ; MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects ; MAPK ; Membrane Proteins - metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Oxygenase ; Panax - chemistry ; Panax ginseng ; Protein kinase ; Proteins ; Saponins ; Saponins - pharmacology ; Signal transduction ; Signaling ; Spermatogenesis - drug effects ; Stems ; Superoxide dismutase ; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism ; Testes ; Testis - drug effects ; Testosterone ; Testosterone - blood ; the leaves of Panax ginseng ; Tubules</subject><ispartof>Phytotherapy research, 2021-01, Vol.35 (1), p.311-323</ispartof><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2021 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2641-723cebe5fdbc38e87d8bf043aa353de5a6af0bcd68aa5e807b94056f8d204f4f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2641-723cebe5fdbc38e87d8bf043aa353de5a6af0bcd68aa5e807b94056f8d204f4f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5503-2788 ; 0000-0002-2988-4298</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fptr.6801$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fptr.6801$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32767418$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leng, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Jin‐gang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gong, Xiao‐jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ying‐ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><title>Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice</title><title>Phytotherapy research</title><addtitle>Phytother Res</addtitle><description>Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p < .05). GSLS exhibited the protective potential against HS‐induced injury not only by modulating Bcl‐2 family and caspase protease family, but also by suppressing the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and activation of Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < .05). In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that GSLS exhibited a significant protective effect against HS‐induced testicular dysfunction, mainly the inhibition of oxidative stress associated apoptosis partly via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Caspase</subject><subject>Germ cells</subject><subject>Giant cells</subject><subject>Ginseng</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione - metabolism</subject><subject>Heat shock proteins</subject><subject>Heat stress</subject><subject>Heat tolerance</subject><subject>Heat treatment</subject><subject>Heat treatments</subject><subject>Heme</subject><subject>Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Hot Temperature - adverse effects</subject><subject>HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Hsp70 protein</subject><subject>Hyperthermia</subject><subject>Hypoxia</subject><subject>Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Leaves</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</subject><subject>MAP kinase</subject><subject>MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects</subject><subject>MAPK</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred ICR</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Oxygenase</subject><subject>Panax - chemistry</subject><subject>Panax ginseng</subject><subject>Protein kinase</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Saponins</subject><subject>Saponins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Signaling</subject><subject>Spermatogenesis - drug effects</subject><subject>Stems</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</subject><subject>Testes</subject><subject>Testis - drug effects</subject><subject>Testosterone</subject><subject>Testosterone - blood</subject><subject>the leaves of Panax ginseng</subject><subject>Tubules</subject><issn>0951-418X</issn><issn>1099-1573</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kc1u1DAURi1ERacFiSdAltiwSbHj_DjLqioUtagjKBK76Ca-nnE1cYLtDO2OR-B1eJ0-CXeYwo6VFz4-9_P9GHspxYkUIn87pXBSaSGfsIUUTZPJslZP2UI0pcwKqb8esqMYb4UQTS6KZ-xQ5XVV08WC_foM0-idj9xgcFs03IZx4GmNPCYcIgdv-AZhi5GPli_Bwx1fEY9-xSEl9DMkYvswJtjwNUJ6-PHTeTP35IoThgHSuELvem5ggBXyrQPu_Np1LjmS7EZ9PF1e8gGNI5fh450zkCgMRQgY9xko5pTG6CK95YPr8Tk7sLCJ-OLxPGZf3p3fnF1kV9fvP5ydXmV9XhUyq3PVY4elNV2vNOra6M6KQgGoUhksoQIrut5UGqBELequKURZWW1oVbaw6pi93nunMH6bMab2dpyDp5FtXmhZCaV0RdSbPUWLiDGgbafgBgj3rRTtrqOWOmp3HRH66lE4d_Tnf-DfUgjI9sB3t8H7_4ra5c2nP8LfW8Wg9A</recordid><startdate>202101</startdate><enddate>202101</enddate><creator>Liu, Wei</creator><creator>Leng, Jing</creator><creator>Hou, Jin‐gang</creator><creator>Jiang, Shuang</creator><creator>Wang, Zi</creator><creator>Liu, Zhi</creator><creator>Gong, Xiao‐jie</creator><creator>Chen, Chen</creator><creator>Wang, Ying‐ping</creator><creator>Li, Wei</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-2788</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-4298</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202101</creationdate><title>Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice</title><author>Liu, Wei ; Leng, Jing ; Hou, Jin‐gang ; Jiang, Shuang ; Wang, Zi ; Liu, Zhi ; Gong, Xiao‐jie ; Chen, Chen ; Wang, Ying‐ping ; Li, Wei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2641-723cebe5fdbc38e87d8bf043aa353de5a6af0bcd68aa5e807b94056f8d204f4f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Caspase</topic><topic>Germ cells</topic><topic>Giant cells</topic><topic>Ginseng</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione - metabolism</topic><topic>Heat shock proteins</topic><topic>Heat stress</topic><topic>Heat tolerance</topic><topic>Heat treatment</topic><topic>Heat treatments</topic><topic>Heme</topic><topic>Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Hot Temperature - adverse effects</topic><topic>HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Hsp70 protein</topic><topic>Hyperthermia</topic><topic>Hypoxia</topic><topic>Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Leaves</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</topic><topic>MAP kinase</topic><topic>MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects</topic><topic>MAPK</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred ICR</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Oxygenase</topic><topic>Panax - chemistry</topic><topic>Panax ginseng</topic><topic>Protein kinase</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Saponins</topic><topic>Saponins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Signaling</topic><topic>Spermatogenesis - drug effects</topic><topic>Stems</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</topic><topic>Testes</topic><topic>Testis - drug effects</topic><topic>Testosterone</topic><topic>Testosterone - blood</topic><topic>the leaves of Panax ginseng</topic><topic>Tubules</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leng, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hou, Jin‐gang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Zi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gong, Xiao‐jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ying‐ping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Wei</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Phytotherapy research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Wei</au><au>Leng, Jing</au><au>Hou, Jin‐gang</au><au>Jiang, Shuang</au><au>Wang, Zi</au><au>Liu, Zhi</au><au>Gong, Xiao‐jie</au><au>Chen, Chen</au><au>Wang, Ying‐ping</au><au>Li, Wei</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice</atitle><jtitle>Phytotherapy research</jtitle><addtitle>Phytother Res</addtitle><date>2021-01</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>311</spage><epage>323</epage><pages>311-323</pages><issn>0951-418X</issn><eissn>1099-1573</eissn><abstract>Heat stress (HS) reaction is a stress response caused by adverse conditions. Currently, the incidence of reproductive malignancies particularly in males has been constantly increasing. This work investigated the effects of saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) on testicular injury induced by scrotal hyperthermia in mice. GSLS (150, 300 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically to mice for 14 days, then exposed to a single scrotal heat treatment at 43°C for 18 min on seventh day. HS induced a significant loss of multinucleate giant cells, desquamation of germ cells in destructive seminiferous tubules. Moreover, HS reduced the serum testosterone, testicular tissue superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione (GSH) content, while significantly enhanced the production of malondialdehyde (p < .05). GSLS exhibited the protective potential against HS‐induced injury not only by modulating Bcl‐2 family and caspase protease family, but also by suppressing the protein levels of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), hypoxia inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and activation of Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways (p < .05). In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated that GSLS exhibited a significant protective effect against HS‐induced testicular dysfunction, mainly the inhibition of oxidative stress associated apoptosis partly via regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>32767418</pmid><doi>10.1002/ptr.6801</doi><tpages>13</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-2788</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-4298</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0951-418X |
| ispartof | Phytotherapy research, 2021-01, Vol.35 (1), p.311-323 |
| issn | 0951-418X 1099-1573 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2481603386 |
| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Animals Apoptosis Apoptosis - drug effects Caspase Germ cells Giant cells Ginseng Glutathione Glutathione - metabolism Heat shock proteins Heat stress Heat tolerance Heat treatment Heat treatments Heme Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism Hot Temperature - adverse effects HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins - metabolism Hsp70 protein Hyperthermia Hypoxia Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit - metabolism Kinases Leaves Male Malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde - metabolism MAP kinase MAP Kinase Signaling System - drug effects MAPK Membrane Proteins - metabolism Mice Mice, Inbred ICR Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Oxygenase Panax - chemistry Panax ginseng Protein kinase Proteins Saponins Saponins - pharmacology Signal transduction Signaling Spermatogenesis - drug effects Stems Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Testes Testis - drug effects Testosterone Testosterone - blood the leaves of Panax ginseng Tubules |
| title | Saponins derived from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng attenuate scrotal heat‐induced spermatogenic damage via inhibiting the MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T01%3A51%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saponins%20derived%20from%20the%20stems%20and%20leaves%20of%20Panax%20ginseng%20attenuate%20scrotal%20heat%E2%80%90induced%20spermatogenic%20damage%20via%20inhibiting%20the%20MAPK%20mediated%20oxidative%20stress%20and%20apoptosis%20in%20mice&rft.jtitle=Phytotherapy%20research&rft.au=Liu,%20Wei&rft.date=2021-01&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=311&rft.epage=323&rft.pages=311-323&rft.issn=0951-418X&rft.eissn=1099-1573&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/ptr.6801&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2481603386%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2481603386&rft_id=info:pmid/32767418&rfr_iscdi=true |