Sterilization effectiveness of in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system in liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system
Microorganism contamination in air conditioning systems can cause respiratory diseases in building occupants. This study aims to evaluate and predict the performance of an in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) system to reduce the microorganisms that can grow in the liquid desiccant a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Building and environment 2020-12, Vol.186, p.107350, Article 107350 |
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| creator | Bang, Jong-Il Park, Joon-Young Jo, Ye-Lim Jeong, Jae-Weon Choi, Anseop Sung, Minki |
| description | Microorganism contamination in air conditioning systems can cause respiratory diseases in building occupants. This study aims to evaluate and predict the performance of an in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) system to reduce the microorganisms that can grow in the liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS). Bacteria and mold on the direct evaporative cooling (DEC) element and in the outdoor and supply air were monitored using a swab and Petrifilm for surfaces and impact sampler for air during the operation of the LD-IDECOAS. Microbial contamination was first verified in the air before performing the sterilization experiment. The experimental results showed that the airborne bacteria were reduced by 78.3% after the operation of the ID-UVGI system but there was almost no reduction in the airborne mold. The bacteria and mold concentration on the DEC surface were decreased by 99.7% and 96.7% respectively 3 h after the ID-UVGI operation. Even after the ID-UVGI system was operated for 6 days, the microbial contamination in the downstream water was not decreased significantly; the inside of the DEC element was suspected to be improperly sterilized. The operating times of the ID-UVGI system needed to inactivate the microorganisms were predicted from the UV–C intensity distribution by irradiation analysis. Legionella sp. and Penicillium sp. were predicted to be inactivated by 99.9% with UV–C exposures of 6 s and 15 min 57 s or less respectively when the LD-IDECOAS is operated at the highest air flow rate.
•Sterilization due to in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) is studied.•Reduction in microorganisms with ID-UVGI is high for LD-IDECOAS.•Effectiveness of ID-UVGI is not high for airborne mold and inside DEC element.•Irradiation analysis can provide pertinent information for ID-UVGI design. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107350 |
| format | Article |
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•Sterilization due to in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) is studied.•Reduction in microorganisms with ID-UVGI is high for LD-IDECOAS.•Effectiveness of ID-UVGI is not high for airborne mold and inside DEC element.•Irradiation analysis can provide pertinent information for ID-UVGI design.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0360-1323</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-684X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107350</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Air conditioning ; Air flow ; Air monitoring ; Air pollution ; Airborne bacteria ; Airborne microorganisms ; Bacteria ; Contamination ; Cooling ; Deactivation ; Desiccants ; Evaporative cooling ; Flow velocity ; Fungi ; In-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) ; Indoor air quality ; Irradiation ; Irradiation analysis ; Liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% Outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS) ; Microbial contamination ; Microorganisms ; Mold ; Respiratory diseases ; Sterilization ; Ultraviolet radiation ; Water pollution</subject><ispartof>Building and environment, 2020-12, Vol.186, p.107350, Article 107350</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Dec 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-3ab67ba0c65560ef23fbd53a2cd77693c22da6fd1975a51841e314e8125550643</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-3ab67ba0c65560ef23fbd53a2cd77693c22da6fd1975a51841e314e8125550643</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-8915-2710</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107350$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bang, Jong-Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Joon-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, Ye-Lim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Jae-Weon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Anseop</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, Minki</creatorcontrib><title>Sterilization effectiveness of in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system in liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system</title><title>Building and environment</title><description>Microorganism contamination in air conditioning systems can cause respiratory diseases in building occupants. This study aims to evaluate and predict the performance of an in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) system to reduce the microorganisms that can grow in the liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS). Bacteria and mold on the direct evaporative cooling (DEC) element and in the outdoor and supply air were monitored using a swab and Petrifilm for surfaces and impact sampler for air during the operation of the LD-IDECOAS. Microbial contamination was first verified in the air before performing the sterilization experiment. The experimental results showed that the airborne bacteria were reduced by 78.3% after the operation of the ID-UVGI system but there was almost no reduction in the airborne mold. The bacteria and mold concentration on the DEC surface were decreased by 99.7% and 96.7% respectively 3 h after the ID-UVGI operation. Even after the ID-UVGI system was operated for 6 days, the microbial contamination in the downstream water was not decreased significantly; the inside of the DEC element was suspected to be improperly sterilized. The operating times of the ID-UVGI system needed to inactivate the microorganisms were predicted from the UV–C intensity distribution by irradiation analysis. Legionella sp. and Penicillium sp. were predicted to be inactivated by 99.9% with UV–C exposures of 6 s and 15 min 57 s or less respectively when the LD-IDECOAS is operated at the highest air flow rate.
•Sterilization due to in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) is studied.•Reduction in microorganisms with ID-UVGI is high for LD-IDECOAS.•Effectiveness of ID-UVGI is not high for airborne mold and inside DEC element.•Irradiation analysis can provide pertinent information for ID-UVGI design.</description><subject>Air conditioning</subject><subject>Air flow</subject><subject>Air monitoring</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Airborne bacteria</subject><subject>Airborne microorganisms</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Deactivation</subject><subject>Desiccants</subject><subject>Evaporative cooling</subject><subject>Flow velocity</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>In-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI)</subject><subject>Indoor air quality</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Irradiation analysis</subject><subject>Liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% Outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS)</subject><subject>Microbial contamination</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Mold</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Sterilization</subject><subject>Ultraviolet radiation</subject><subject>Water pollution</subject><issn>0360-1323</issn><issn>1873-684X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkc9KJDEQh8PigqPrK0hg2WOP-dNJt7ddZF0FwYMueAuZpFpq6EnGJN2g77TvuBlaz54Kivq-oupHyDlna864vtiuNxOOHsK8Fkwcmp1U7AtZ8b6Tje7bpyOyYlKzhkshj8lJzltWwUvZrsi_hwIJR3yzBWOgMAzgCs4QIGcaB4qh8ZMrdBpLsjPGEQp9hrRDh96OFFOyHhc2v-YCu0rQEV8m9NRDRudsKNQGX_seU5VfLIXCbPcx2cMy6mIcMTw3NmesEk85Yz9onIqPMVGL6V3-jXwd7Jjh7L2ekr_Xvx-vbpq7-z-3V7_uGidbVhppN7rbWOa0UprBIOSw8Upa4XzX1budEN7qwfPLTlnF-5aD5C30XCilmG7lKfm-ePcpvkyQi9nGKYW60oi263n9O9N1Si9TLsWcEwxmn3Bn06vhzByiMVvzEY05RGOWaCr4cwGh3jAjJJMdQnCwvMb4iJ8p_gM4zJ9e</recordid><startdate>202012</startdate><enddate>202012</enddate><creator>Bang, Jong-Il</creator><creator>Park, Joon-Young</creator><creator>Jo, Ye-Lim</creator><creator>Jeong, Jae-Weon</creator><creator>Choi, Anseop</creator><creator>Sung, Minki</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-2710</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202012</creationdate><title>Sterilization effectiveness of in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system in liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system</title><author>Bang, Jong-Il ; Park, Joon-Young ; Jo, Ye-Lim ; Jeong, Jae-Weon ; Choi, Anseop ; Sung, Minki</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c340t-3ab67ba0c65560ef23fbd53a2cd77693c22da6fd1975a51841e314e8125550643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Air conditioning</topic><topic>Air flow</topic><topic>Air monitoring</topic><topic>Air pollution</topic><topic>Airborne bacteria</topic><topic>Airborne microorganisms</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Deactivation</topic><topic>Desiccants</topic><topic>Evaporative cooling</topic><topic>Flow velocity</topic><topic>Fungi</topic><topic>In-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI)</topic><topic>Indoor air quality</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Irradiation analysis</topic><topic>Liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% Outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS)</topic><topic>Microbial contamination</topic><topic>Microorganisms</topic><topic>Mold</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Sterilization</topic><topic>Ultraviolet radiation</topic><topic>Water pollution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bang, Jong-Il</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Joon-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jo, Ye-Lim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Jae-Weon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Anseop</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, Minki</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Building and environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bang, Jong-Il</au><au>Park, Joon-Young</au><au>Jo, Ye-Lim</au><au>Jeong, Jae-Weon</au><au>Choi, Anseop</au><au>Sung, Minki</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sterilization effectiveness of in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system in liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system</atitle><jtitle>Building and environment</jtitle><date>2020-12</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>186</volume><spage>107350</spage><pages>107350-</pages><artnum>107350</artnum><issn>0360-1323</issn><eissn>1873-684X</eissn><abstract>Microorganism contamination in air conditioning systems can cause respiratory diseases in building occupants. This study aims to evaluate and predict the performance of an in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) system to reduce the microorganisms that can grow in the liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS). Bacteria and mold on the direct evaporative cooling (DEC) element and in the outdoor and supply air were monitored using a swab and Petrifilm for surfaces and impact sampler for air during the operation of the LD-IDECOAS. Microbial contamination was first verified in the air before performing the sterilization experiment. The experimental results showed that the airborne bacteria were reduced by 78.3% after the operation of the ID-UVGI system but there was almost no reduction in the airborne mold. The bacteria and mold concentration on the DEC surface were decreased by 99.7% and 96.7% respectively 3 h after the ID-UVGI operation. Even after the ID-UVGI system was operated for 6 days, the microbial contamination in the downstream water was not decreased significantly; the inside of the DEC element was suspected to be improperly sterilized. The operating times of the ID-UVGI system needed to inactivate the microorganisms were predicted from the UV–C intensity distribution by irradiation analysis. Legionella sp. and Penicillium sp. were predicted to be inactivated by 99.9% with UV–C exposures of 6 s and 15 min 57 s or less respectively when the LD-IDECOAS is operated at the highest air flow rate.
•Sterilization due to in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) is studied.•Reduction in microorganisms with ID-UVGI is high for LD-IDECOAS.•Effectiveness of ID-UVGI is not high for airborne mold and inside DEC element.•Irradiation analysis can provide pertinent information for ID-UVGI design.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107350</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8915-2710</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Air conditioning Air flow Air monitoring Air pollution Airborne bacteria Airborne microorganisms Bacteria Contamination Cooling Deactivation Desiccants Evaporative cooling Flow velocity Fungi In-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (ID-UVGI) Indoor air quality Irradiation Irradiation analysis Liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% Outdoor air system (LD-IDECOAS) Microbial contamination Microorganisms Mold Respiratory diseases Sterilization Ultraviolet radiation Water pollution |
| title | Sterilization effectiveness of in-duct ultraviolet germicidal irradiation system in liquid desiccant and indirect/direct evaporative cooling-assisted 100% outdoor air system |
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