Gut Bacteria Mediate Nutrient Availability in Drosophila Diets

Drosophila melanogaster gut microbes play important roles in host nutritional physiology. However, these associations are often indirect, and studies typically are in the context of specialized nutritional conditions, making it difficult to discern how microbiome-mediated impacts translate to physio...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Applied and environmental microbiology 2020-12, Vol.87 (1), p.1, Article 01401
Hauptverfasser: Lesperance, Danielle N. A., Broderick, Nichole A.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page
container_issue 1
container_start_page 1
container_title Applied and environmental microbiology
container_volume 87
creator Lesperance, Danielle N. A.
Broderick, Nichole A.
description Drosophila melanogaster gut microbes play important roles in host nutritional physiology. However, these associations are often indirect, and studies typically are in the context of specialized nutritional conditions, making it difficult to discern how microbiome-mediated impacts translate to physiologically relevant conditions, in the laboratory or nature. In this study, we quantified changes in dietary nutrients due to D. melanogaster gut bacteria on three artificial diets and a natural diet of grapes. We show that under all four diet conditions, bacteria altered the protein, carbohydrates, and moisture of the food substrate. An in-depth analysis of one diet revealed that bacteria also increased the levels of tryptophan, an essential amino acid encountered scarcely in nature. These nutrient changes result in an increased protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in all diets, which we hypothesized to be a significant determinant of microbiome-mediated host nutritional physiology. To test this, we compared life history traits of axenic flies reared on the three artificial diets with increased P:C ratios or continuous bacterial inoculation. We found that while on some diets, an environment of nutritional plenitude had impacts on life history, it did not fully explain all microbiome-associated phenotypes. This suggests that other factors, such as micronutrients and feeding behavior, likely also contribute to life history traits in a diet-dependent manner. Thus, while some bacterial impacts on nutrition occur across diets, others are dictated by unique dietary environments, highlighting the importance of diet-microbiome interactions in D. melanogaster nutritional physiology. IMPORTANCE Both in the laboratory and in nature, D. melanogaster-associated microbes serve as nutritional effectors, either through the production of metabolites or as direct sources of protein biomass. The relationship between the microbiome and the resulting host nutritional physiology is significantly impacted by diet composition, yet studies involving D. melanogaster are performed using a wide range of artificial diets, making it difficult to discern which aspects of host-microbe interactions may be universal or diet dependent. In this study, we utilized three standard D. melanogaster diets and a natural grape diet to form a comprehensive understanding of the quantifiable nutritional changes mediated by the host microbial community. We then altered these artificial diets based on the obser
doi_str_mv 10.1128/AEM.01401-20
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2475133174</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2451849147</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a446t-d80f229004333783a857f3d5a88583fbbf06bf3465433b9dd6c8e158a067bb8c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU1v1DAQhi0EotvCjTOKxAUEKeOv2LlUWralILVwgbNlJw51lY23tlPUf98pW5YPCYmTLfuZ1zN-CHlG4ZBSpt8uT84PgQqgNYMHZEGh1bXkvHlIFgBtWzMmYI_s53wJAAIa_ZjscQ6Noi1fkKPTuVTvbFd8CrY6932wxVef5pKCn0q1vLZhtC6ModxUYaqOU8xxc4Fn1XHwJT8hjwY7Zv_0fj0gX9-ffFl9qM8-n35cLc9qK0RT6l7DwFiL73POleZWSzXwXlqtpeaDcwM0buCikQi4tu-bTnsqtcU2ndMdPyBH29zN7Na-77C3ZEezSWFt042JNpg_b6ZwYb7Fa6OUlEwqDHh5H5Di1exzMeuQOz-OdvJxzoYJSbVoqbhDX_yFXsY5TTgeUkpSzqkSSL3ZUh1-SU5-2DVDwdyJMSjG_BBjGCD-aovbvGa_Av_BPv992F3wT2sI6C3w3bs45A5VdX6HoeYGpJBa4Q7YKhRbQpxWcZ4Klr7-_1J-C0ImtFY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2475133174</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Gut Bacteria Mediate Nutrient Availability in Drosophila Diets</title><source>American Society for Microbiology</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020&lt;img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /&gt;</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Lesperance, Danielle N. A. ; Broderick, Nichole A.</creator><contributor>McBain, Andrew J ; McBain, Andrew J.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lesperance, Danielle N. A. ; Broderick, Nichole A. ; McBain, Andrew J ; McBain, Andrew J.</creatorcontrib><description>Drosophila melanogaster gut microbes play important roles in host nutritional physiology. However, these associations are often indirect, and studies typically are in the context of specialized nutritional conditions, making it difficult to discern how microbiome-mediated impacts translate to physiologically relevant conditions, in the laboratory or nature. In this study, we quantified changes in dietary nutrients due to D. melanogaster gut bacteria on three artificial diets and a natural diet of grapes. We show that under all four diet conditions, bacteria altered the protein, carbohydrates, and moisture of the food substrate. An in-depth analysis of one diet revealed that bacteria also increased the levels of tryptophan, an essential amino acid encountered scarcely in nature. These nutrient changes result in an increased protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in all diets, which we hypothesized to be a significant determinant of microbiome-mediated host nutritional physiology. To test this, we compared life history traits of axenic flies reared on the three artificial diets with increased P:C ratios or continuous bacterial inoculation. We found that while on some diets, an environment of nutritional plenitude had impacts on life history, it did not fully explain all microbiome-associated phenotypes. This suggests that other factors, such as micronutrients and feeding behavior, likely also contribute to life history traits in a diet-dependent manner. Thus, while some bacterial impacts on nutrition occur across diets, others are dictated by unique dietary environments, highlighting the importance of diet-microbiome interactions in D. melanogaster nutritional physiology. IMPORTANCE Both in the laboratory and in nature, D. melanogaster-associated microbes serve as nutritional effectors, either through the production of metabolites or as direct sources of protein biomass. The relationship between the microbiome and the resulting host nutritional physiology is significantly impacted by diet composition, yet studies involving D. melanogaster are performed using a wide range of artificial diets, making it difficult to discern which aspects of host-microbe interactions may be universal or diet dependent. In this study, we utilized three standard D. melanogaster diets and a natural grape diet to form a comprehensive understanding of the quantifiable nutritional changes mediated by the host microbial community. We then altered these artificial diets based on the observed microbe-mediated changes to demonstrate their potential to influence host physiology, allowing us to identify nutritional factors whose effects were either universal for the three artificial diets or dependent on host diet composition.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01401-20</identifier><identifier>PMID: 33067193</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>WASHINGTON: Amer Soc Microbiology</publisher><subject>Amino acids ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; Artificial diets ; Bacteria ; Bacterial Physiological Phenomena ; Biotechnology &amp; Applied Microbiology ; Carbohydrates ; Diet ; Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology ; Drosophila melanogaster - physiology ; Feeding behavior ; Fruit flies ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology ; Inoculation ; Insects ; Invertebrate Microbiology ; Life history ; Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine ; Microbiology ; Microbiomes ; Micronutrients ; Nutrient availability ; Nutrients ; Nutrients - physiology ; Nutrition ; Phenotypes ; Physiology ; Proteins ; Science &amp; Technology ; Substrates ; Tryptophan ; Vitis</subject><ispartof>Applied and environmental microbiology, 2020-12, Vol.87 (1), p.1, Article 01401</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2020 Lesperance and Broderick.</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology Jan 2021</rights><rights>Copyright © 2020 Lesperance and Broderick. 2020 Lesperance and Broderick</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>19</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000605458700002</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a446t-d80f229004333783a857f3d5a88583fbbf06bf3465433b9dd6c8e158a067bb8c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a446t-d80f229004333783a857f3d5a88583fbbf06bf3465433b9dd6c8e158a067bb8c3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0241-5141 ; 0000-0002-6830-9456</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.01401-20$$EPDF$$P50$$Gasm2$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.asm.org/doi/full/10.1128/AEM.01401-20$$EHTML$$P50$$Gasm2$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,3189,27929,27930,28253,52756,52757,52758,53796,53798</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33067193$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>McBain, Andrew J</contributor><contributor>McBain, Andrew J.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lesperance, Danielle N. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broderick, Nichole A.</creatorcontrib><title>Gut Bacteria Mediate Nutrient Availability in Drosophila Diets</title><title>Applied and environmental microbiology</title><addtitle>APPL ENVIRON MICROB</addtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>Drosophila melanogaster gut microbes play important roles in host nutritional physiology. However, these associations are often indirect, and studies typically are in the context of specialized nutritional conditions, making it difficult to discern how microbiome-mediated impacts translate to physiologically relevant conditions, in the laboratory or nature. In this study, we quantified changes in dietary nutrients due to D. melanogaster gut bacteria on three artificial diets and a natural diet of grapes. We show that under all four diet conditions, bacteria altered the protein, carbohydrates, and moisture of the food substrate. An in-depth analysis of one diet revealed that bacteria also increased the levels of tryptophan, an essential amino acid encountered scarcely in nature. These nutrient changes result in an increased protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in all diets, which we hypothesized to be a significant determinant of microbiome-mediated host nutritional physiology. To test this, we compared life history traits of axenic flies reared on the three artificial diets with increased P:C ratios or continuous bacterial inoculation. We found that while on some diets, an environment of nutritional plenitude had impacts on life history, it did not fully explain all microbiome-associated phenotypes. This suggests that other factors, such as micronutrients and feeding behavior, likely also contribute to life history traits in a diet-dependent manner. Thus, while some bacterial impacts on nutrition occur across diets, others are dictated by unique dietary environments, highlighting the importance of diet-microbiome interactions in D. melanogaster nutritional physiology. IMPORTANCE Both in the laboratory and in nature, D. melanogaster-associated microbes serve as nutritional effectors, either through the production of metabolites or as direct sources of protein biomass. The relationship between the microbiome and the resulting host nutritional physiology is significantly impacted by diet composition, yet studies involving D. melanogaster are performed using a wide range of artificial diets, making it difficult to discern which aspects of host-microbe interactions may be universal or diet dependent. In this study, we utilized three standard D. melanogaster diets and a natural grape diet to form a comprehensive understanding of the quantifiable nutritional changes mediated by the host microbial community. We then altered these artificial diets based on the observed microbe-mediated changes to demonstrate their potential to influence host physiology, allowing us to identify nutritional factors whose effects were either universal for the three artificial diets or dependent on host diet composition.</description><subject>Amino acids</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Artificial diets</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Biotechnology &amp; Applied Microbiology</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - physiology</subject><subject>Feeding behavior</subject><subject>Fruit flies</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology</subject><subject>Inoculation</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>Invertebrate Microbiology</subject><subject>Life history</subject><subject>Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>Microbiomes</subject><subject>Micronutrients</subject><subject>Nutrient availability</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Nutrients - physiology</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Physiology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Science &amp; Technology</subject><subject>Substrates</subject><subject>Tryptophan</subject><subject>Vitis</subject><issn>0099-2240</issn><issn>1098-5336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1v1DAQhi0EotvCjTOKxAUEKeOv2LlUWralILVwgbNlJw51lY23tlPUf98pW5YPCYmTLfuZ1zN-CHlG4ZBSpt8uT84PgQqgNYMHZEGh1bXkvHlIFgBtWzMmYI_s53wJAAIa_ZjscQ6Noi1fkKPTuVTvbFd8CrY6932wxVef5pKCn0q1vLZhtC6ModxUYaqOU8xxc4Fn1XHwJT8hjwY7Zv_0fj0gX9-ffFl9qM8-n35cLc9qK0RT6l7DwFiL73POleZWSzXwXlqtpeaDcwM0buCikQi4tu-bTnsqtcU2ndMdPyBH29zN7Na-77C3ZEezSWFt042JNpg_b6ZwYb7Fa6OUlEwqDHh5H5Di1exzMeuQOz-OdvJxzoYJSbVoqbhDX_yFXsY5TTgeUkpSzqkSSL3ZUh1-SU5-2DVDwdyJMSjG_BBjGCD-aovbvGa_Av_BPv992F3wT2sI6C3w3bs45A5VdX6HoeYGpJBa4Q7YKhRbQpxWcZ4Klr7-_1J-C0ImtFY</recordid><startdate>20201217</startdate><enddate>20201217</enddate><creator>Lesperance, Danielle N. A.</creator><creator>Broderick, Nichole A.</creator><general>Amer Soc Microbiology</general><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-5141</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-9456</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201217</creationdate><title>Gut Bacteria Mediate Nutrient Availability in Drosophila Diets</title><author>Lesperance, Danielle N. A. ; Broderick, Nichole A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a446t-d80f229004333783a857f3d5a88583fbbf06bf3465433b9dd6c8e158a067bb8c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Amino acids</topic><topic>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Artificial diets</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Biotechnology &amp; Applied Microbiology</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - physiology</topic><topic>Feeding behavior</topic><topic>Fruit flies</topic><topic>Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology</topic><topic>Inoculation</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>Invertebrate Microbiology</topic><topic>Life history</topic><topic>Life Sciences &amp; Biomedicine</topic><topic>Microbiology</topic><topic>Microbiomes</topic><topic>Micronutrients</topic><topic>Nutrient availability</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Nutrients - physiology</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Physiology</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Science &amp; Technology</topic><topic>Substrates</topic><topic>Tryptophan</topic><topic>Vitis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lesperance, Danielle N. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broderick, Nichole A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Applied and environmental microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lesperance, Danielle N. A.</au><au>Broderick, Nichole A.</au><au>McBain, Andrew J</au><au>McBain, Andrew J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gut Bacteria Mediate Nutrient Availability in Drosophila Diets</atitle><jtitle>Applied and environmental microbiology</jtitle><stitle>APPL ENVIRON MICROB</stitle><stitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</stitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>2020-12-17</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>87</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><artnum>01401</artnum><issn>0099-2240</issn><eissn>1098-5336</eissn><abstract>Drosophila melanogaster gut microbes play important roles in host nutritional physiology. However, these associations are often indirect, and studies typically are in the context of specialized nutritional conditions, making it difficult to discern how microbiome-mediated impacts translate to physiologically relevant conditions, in the laboratory or nature. In this study, we quantified changes in dietary nutrients due to D. melanogaster gut bacteria on three artificial diets and a natural diet of grapes. We show that under all four diet conditions, bacteria altered the protein, carbohydrates, and moisture of the food substrate. An in-depth analysis of one diet revealed that bacteria also increased the levels of tryptophan, an essential amino acid encountered scarcely in nature. These nutrient changes result in an increased protein-to-carbohydrate (P:C) ratio in all diets, which we hypothesized to be a significant determinant of microbiome-mediated host nutritional physiology. To test this, we compared life history traits of axenic flies reared on the three artificial diets with increased P:C ratios or continuous bacterial inoculation. We found that while on some diets, an environment of nutritional plenitude had impacts on life history, it did not fully explain all microbiome-associated phenotypes. This suggests that other factors, such as micronutrients and feeding behavior, likely also contribute to life history traits in a diet-dependent manner. Thus, while some bacterial impacts on nutrition occur across diets, others are dictated by unique dietary environments, highlighting the importance of diet-microbiome interactions in D. melanogaster nutritional physiology. IMPORTANCE Both in the laboratory and in nature, D. melanogaster-associated microbes serve as nutritional effectors, either through the production of metabolites or as direct sources of protein biomass. The relationship between the microbiome and the resulting host nutritional physiology is significantly impacted by diet composition, yet studies involving D. melanogaster are performed using a wide range of artificial diets, making it difficult to discern which aspects of host-microbe interactions may be universal or diet dependent. In this study, we utilized three standard D. melanogaster diets and a natural grape diet to form a comprehensive understanding of the quantifiable nutritional changes mediated by the host microbial community. We then altered these artificial diets based on the observed microbe-mediated changes to demonstrate their potential to influence host physiology, allowing us to identify nutritional factors whose effects were either universal for the three artificial diets or dependent on host diet composition.</abstract><cop>WASHINGTON</cop><pub>Amer Soc Microbiology</pub><pmid>33067193</pmid><doi>10.1128/AEM.01401-20</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0241-5141</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6830-9456</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0099-2240
ispartof Applied and environmental microbiology, 2020-12, Vol.87 (1), p.1, Article 01401
issn 0099-2240
1098-5336
language eng
recordid cdi_proquest_journals_2475133174
source American Society for Microbiology; MEDLINE; Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" />; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Amino acids
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Animals
Artificial diets
Bacteria
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carbohydrates
Diet
Drosophila melanogaster - microbiology
Drosophila melanogaster - physiology
Feeding behavior
Fruit flies
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Inoculation
Insects
Invertebrate Microbiology
Life history
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
Microbiology
Microbiomes
Micronutrients
Nutrient availability
Nutrients
Nutrients - physiology
Nutrition
Phenotypes
Physiology
Proteins
Science & Technology
Substrates
Tryptophan
Vitis
title Gut Bacteria Mediate Nutrient Availability in Drosophila Diets
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-09T19%3A33%3A25IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gut%20Bacteria%20Mediate%20Nutrient%20Availability%20in%20Drosophila%20Diets&rft.jtitle=Applied%20and%20environmental%20microbiology&rft.au=Lesperance,%20Danielle%20N.%20A.&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=1&rft.pages=1-&rft.artnum=01401&rft.issn=0099-2240&rft.eissn=1098-5336&rft_id=info:doi/10.1128/AEM.01401-20&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E2451849147%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2475133174&rft_id=info:pmid/33067193&rfr_iscdi=true