Quantifying ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies in Northeast China based on ecosystem service bundles

Ecosystem service cluster is a combination of multiple ecosystem services, which can characterize the trade-off and synergy between ecosystem services, and can provide a scientific basis for formulating effective regional social-ecosystem management plans. The research uses global Moran'sI index and principal components Analysis, cluster analysis and other methods have systematically clarified the composition, trade-offs and synergy, mechanism of action, and regional differences of the six ecosystem services in Northeast China. The results show that: (1) The six ecosystem services all show significant positive spatial freedom. Correlation (Moran's I>0), that is, there is a spatial cluster distribution of ecosystem services, rather than a random distribution; (2) The cluster analysis divides the Northeast region into the southern economic-ecological coordination zone, the northeast forest ecological balance zone, and the western There are four ecological function zones in the wind-proof and sand-fixing area an