Testing the Strong Equivalence Principle: Detection of the External Field Effect in Rotationally Supported Galaxies
The strong equivalence principle (SEP) distinguishes general relativity (GR) from other viable theories of gravity. The SEP demands that the internal dynamics of a self-gravitating system under freefall in an external gravitational field should not depend on the external field strength. We test the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Astrophysical journal 2020-11, Vol.904 (1), p.51 |
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| creator | Chae, Kyu-Hyun Lelli, Federico Desmond, Harry McGaugh, Stacy S. Li, Pengfei Schombert, James M. |
| description | The strong equivalence principle (SEP) distinguishes general relativity (GR) from other viable theories of gravity. The SEP demands that the internal dynamics of a self-gravitating system under freefall in an external gravitational field should not depend on the external field strength. We test the SEP by investigating the external field effect (EFE) in Milgromian dynamics (MOND), proposed as an alternative to dark matter in interpreting galactic kinematics. We report a detection of this EFE using galaxies from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) sample together with estimates of the large-scale external gravitational field from an all-sky galaxy catalog. Our detection is threefold: (1) the EFE is individually detected at 8 to 11 in "golden" galaxies subjected to exceptionally strong external fields, while it is not detected in exceptionally isolated galaxies, (2) the EFE is statistically detected at more than 4 from a blind test of 153 SPARC rotating galaxies, giving a mean value of the external field consistent with an independent estimate from the galaxies' environments, and (3) we detect a systematic downward trend in the weak gravity part of the radial acceleration relation at the right acceleration predicted by the EFE of the MOND modified gravity. Tidal effects from neighboring galaxies in the Λ cold dark matter (CDM) context are not strong enough to explain these phenomena. They are not predicted by existing ΛCDM models of galaxy formation and evolution, adding a new small-scale challenge to the ΛCDM paradigm. Our results point to a breakdown of the SEP, supporting modified gravity theories beyond GR. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/abbb96 |
| format | Article |
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The SEP demands that the internal dynamics of a self-gravitating system under freefall in an external gravitational field should not depend on the external field strength. We test the SEP by investigating the external field effect (EFE) in Milgromian dynamics (MOND), proposed as an alternative to dark matter in interpreting galactic kinematics. We report a detection of this EFE using galaxies from the Spitzer Photometry and Accurate Rotation Curves (SPARC) sample together with estimates of the large-scale external gravitational field from an all-sky galaxy catalog. Our detection is threefold: (1) the EFE is individually detected at 8 to 11 in "golden" galaxies subjected to exceptionally strong external fields, while it is not detected in exceptionally isolated galaxies, (2) the EFE is statistically detected at more than 4 from a blind test of 153 SPARC rotating galaxies, giving a mean value of the external field consistent with an independent estimate from the galaxies' environments, and (3) we detect a systematic downward trend in the weak gravity part of the radial acceleration relation at the right acceleration predicted by the EFE of the MOND modified gravity. Tidal effects from neighboring galaxies in the Λ cold dark matter (CDM) context are not strong enough to explain these phenomena. They are not predicted by existing ΛCDM models of galaxy formation and evolution, adding a new small-scale challenge to the ΛCDM paradigm. Our results point to a breakdown of the SEP, supporting modified gravity theories beyond GR.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abbb96</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Acceleration ; Astronomical models ; Astrophysics ; Cold dark matter ; Dark matter ; Disk galaxies ; Equivalence principle ; Field strength ; Galactic evolution ; Galactic rotation ; Galaxies ; Gravitation ; Gravitational effects ; Gravitational fields ; Gravity theories ; Modified Newtonian dynamics ; Non-standard theories of gravity ; Relativity ; Star & galaxy formation ; Stars & galaxies ; Stellar kinematics ; Tidal effects</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2020-11, Vol.904 (1), p.51</ispartof><rights>2020. The Author(s). 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Our results point to a breakdown of the SEP, supporting modified gravity theories beyond GR.</description><subject>Acceleration</subject><subject>Astronomical models</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Cold dark matter</subject><subject>Dark matter</subject><subject>Disk galaxies</subject><subject>Equivalence principle</subject><subject>Field strength</subject><subject>Galactic evolution</subject><subject>Galactic rotation</subject><subject>Galaxies</subject><subject>Gravitation</subject><subject>Gravitational effects</subject><subject>Gravitational fields</subject><subject>Gravity theories</subject><subject>Modified Newtonian dynamics</subject><subject>Non-standard theories of gravity</subject><subject>Relativity</subject><subject>Star & galaxy formation</subject><subject>Stars & galaxies</subject><subject>Stellar kinematics</subject><subject>Tidal effects</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kM9LwzAUx4MoOKd3jwGv1iVNmrbeRLspDBQ3wVtI00QzatMlqWz_va0VPXl6vz7vy3tfAM4xuiIZTWc4IVlESZLORFmWOTsAk9_WIZgghGjESPp6DE683wxlnOcT4NfKB9O8wfCu4Co426fFtjOfolaNVPDJmUaatlbX8E4FJYOxDbT6Gy92QblG1HBuVF3BQut-Dk0Dn20QAyjqeg9XXdtaF1QFF6IWO6P8KTjSovbq7CdOwcu8WN_eR8vHxcPtzTKSJEEhwlWmMiWrvJI41QjlNCaSYVSRJGc5zSiNNdFUqljiimpW6iTWTOY4Q1gQmpIpuBh1W2e3Xf8n39huONjzmDLCMpokcU-hkZLOeu-U5q0zH8LtOUZ8sJYPPvLBRz5a269cjivGtn-a_-JfGwJ7pg</recordid><startdate>20201101</startdate><enddate>20201101</enddate><creator>Chae, Kyu-Hyun</creator><creator>Lelli, Federico</creator><creator>Desmond, Harry</creator><creator>McGaugh, Stacy S.</creator><creator>Li, Pengfei</creator><creator>Schombert, James M.</creator><general>The American Astronomical Society</general><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-1911</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-2581</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0685-9791</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-9883</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-0980</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-2736</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201101</creationdate><title>Testing the Strong Equivalence Principle: Detection of the External Field Effect in Rotationally Supported Galaxies</title><author>Chae, Kyu-Hyun ; 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Our detection is threefold: (1) the EFE is individually detected at 8 to 11 in "golden" galaxies subjected to exceptionally strong external fields, while it is not detected in exceptionally isolated galaxies, (2) the EFE is statistically detected at more than 4 from a blind test of 153 SPARC rotating galaxies, giving a mean value of the external field consistent with an independent estimate from the galaxies' environments, and (3) we detect a systematic downward trend in the weak gravity part of the radial acceleration relation at the right acceleration predicted by the EFE of the MOND modified gravity. Tidal effects from neighboring galaxies in the Λ cold dark matter (CDM) context are not strong enough to explain these phenomena. They are not predicted by existing ΛCDM models of galaxy formation and evolution, adding a new small-scale challenge to the ΛCDM paradigm. 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| subjects | Acceleration Astronomical models Astrophysics Cold dark matter Dark matter Disk galaxies Equivalence principle Field strength Galactic evolution Galactic rotation Galaxies Gravitation Gravitational effects Gravitational fields Gravity theories Modified Newtonian dynamics Non-standard theories of gravity Relativity Star & galaxy formation Stars & galaxies Stellar kinematics Tidal effects |
| title | Testing the Strong Equivalence Principle: Detection of the External Field Effect in Rotationally Supported Galaxies |
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