Experimental assessment of clayey layers for clogging of TBM in Tabriz subway lines, Iran
[Display omitted] •Adhesion and clogging tendency of clay-rich soil and rocks were investigated using different test methods.•Correlation of normal adhesion to cohesion and tangential adhesion in various IC were investigated.•It was found that clayey material may encountered on the Tabriz subway lin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tunnelling and underground space technology 2020-11, Vol.105, p.103560, Article 103560 |
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| container_title | Tunnelling and underground space technology |
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| creator | Barzegari, Ghodrat Tirkhooni, Mehrnaz Khabbazi, Amir |
| description | [Display omitted]
•Adhesion and clogging tendency of clay-rich soil and rocks were investigated using different test methods.•Correlation of normal adhesion to cohesion and tangential adhesion in various IC were investigated.•It was found that clayey material may encountered on the Tabriz subway lines have medium to high clogging risk.
Clogging phenomenon is defined as the excessive adhesion of clayey particles to drilling equipment that adversely affect machine efficiency. This study involves the clogging potential of clayey soil and rock samples collected from Tabriz subway lines that were tested by laboratory experiments. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a series of analyses were carried out including sieve analysis, hydrometer, Atterberg limit, slake durability, direct shear, modified direct shear test on the soil/steel interface, and piston pullout apparatus. According to USCS, the studied samples are classified as CL and CH. The clay minerals of the samples are mainly montmorillonite and illite. According to the exist diagrams and classifications based on Atterberg limits, consistency index and adhesion stress, samples are classified as medium to high risk for clogging. The maximum clogging occurrence is possible in the moisture content between 20 and 52% (IC |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.tust.2020.103560 |
| format | Article |
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•Adhesion and clogging tendency of clay-rich soil and rocks were investigated using different test methods.•Correlation of normal adhesion to cohesion and tangential adhesion in various IC were investigated.•It was found that clayey material may encountered on the Tabriz subway lines have medium to high clogging risk.
Clogging phenomenon is defined as the excessive adhesion of clayey particles to drilling equipment that adversely affect machine efficiency. This study involves the clogging potential of clayey soil and rock samples collected from Tabriz subway lines that were tested by laboratory experiments. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a series of analyses were carried out including sieve analysis, hydrometer, Atterberg limit, slake durability, direct shear, modified direct shear test on the soil/steel interface, and piston pullout apparatus. According to USCS, the studied samples are classified as CL and CH. The clay minerals of the samples are mainly montmorillonite and illite. According to the exist diagrams and classifications based on Atterberg limits, consistency index and adhesion stress, samples are classified as medium to high risk for clogging. The maximum clogging occurrence is possible in the moisture content between 20 and 52% (IC < 0.75). The results proved that water content is a key parameter in adhesion stress variation and clogging behavior of clayey materials. The results of the direct shear test on clay/clay and clay/steel interface indicate that with increasing water content, the cohesion of soil decreases and tangential adhesion to the steel surface tends to increase. Based on piston pullout test, the normal adhesion stress of samples increased to a peak value at IC = 0.65 to 0.75. The results obtained in this study indicate a moderate to high risk of clogging in the mechanized excavation of subway lines in the study area while encountering clayey layers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0886-7798</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1878-4364</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2020.103560</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adhesion ; Adhesion tests ; Atterberg limits ; Clay ; Clay minerals ; Clay soils ; Clayey layers ; Drilling machines (tools) ; Excavation ; Illite ; Mechanized tunneling ; Moisture content ; Montmorillonite ; Pull out tests ; Shear tests ; Sieve analysis ; Soil moisture ; Soil testing ; Soils ; Tabriz subway ; TBM clogging</subject><ispartof>Tunnelling and underground space technology, 2020-11, Vol.105, p.103560, Article 103560</ispartof><rights>2020 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Nov 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a351t-ef93c233b6bf4c19125d33a5147f7d3b644313c232cbc49e2cfdc8342f56caf33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a351t-ef93c233b6bf4c19125d33a5147f7d3b644313c232cbc49e2cfdc8342f56caf33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0886779820305149$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Barzegari, Ghodrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tirkhooni, Mehrnaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khabbazi, Amir</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental assessment of clayey layers for clogging of TBM in Tabriz subway lines, Iran</title><title>Tunnelling and underground space technology</title><description>[Display omitted]
•Adhesion and clogging tendency of clay-rich soil and rocks were investigated using different test methods.•Correlation of normal adhesion to cohesion and tangential adhesion in various IC were investigated.•It was found that clayey material may encountered on the Tabriz subway lines have medium to high clogging risk.
Clogging phenomenon is defined as the excessive adhesion of clayey particles to drilling equipment that adversely affect machine efficiency. This study involves the clogging potential of clayey soil and rock samples collected from Tabriz subway lines that were tested by laboratory experiments. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a series of analyses were carried out including sieve analysis, hydrometer, Atterberg limit, slake durability, direct shear, modified direct shear test on the soil/steel interface, and piston pullout apparatus. According to USCS, the studied samples are classified as CL and CH. The clay minerals of the samples are mainly montmorillonite and illite. According to the exist diagrams and classifications based on Atterberg limits, consistency index and adhesion stress, samples are classified as medium to high risk for clogging. The maximum clogging occurrence is possible in the moisture content between 20 and 52% (IC < 0.75). The results proved that water content is a key parameter in adhesion stress variation and clogging behavior of clayey materials. The results of the direct shear test on clay/clay and clay/steel interface indicate that with increasing water content, the cohesion of soil decreases and tangential adhesion to the steel surface tends to increase. Based on piston pullout test, the normal adhesion stress of samples increased to a peak value at IC = 0.65 to 0.75. The results obtained in this study indicate a moderate to high risk of clogging in the mechanized excavation of subway lines in the study area while encountering clayey layers.</description><subject>Adhesion</subject><subject>Adhesion tests</subject><subject>Atterberg limits</subject><subject>Clay</subject><subject>Clay minerals</subject><subject>Clay soils</subject><subject>Clayey layers</subject><subject>Drilling machines (tools)</subject><subject>Excavation</subject><subject>Illite</subject><subject>Mechanized tunneling</subject><subject>Moisture content</subject><subject>Montmorillonite</subject><subject>Pull out tests</subject><subject>Shear tests</subject><subject>Sieve analysis</subject><subject>Soil moisture</subject><subject>Soil testing</subject><subject>Soils</subject><subject>Tabriz subway</subject><subject>TBM clogging</subject><issn>0886-7798</issn><issn>1878-4364</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9UMtOwzAQtBBIlMIPcLLElRS_4iQSF6gKVCriUg6cLMdZV45KUuwUKF-PrXDmsqudndnHIHRJyYwSKm_a2bAPw4wRlgCeS3KEJrQsykxwKY7RhJSlzIqiKk_RWQgtISRnrJqgt8X3Drx7h27QW6xDgBBSgXuLzVYf4IBT9AHb3kek32xct0nd9f0zdh1e69q7Hxz29ZeOXNdBuMZLr7tzdGL1NsDFX56i14fFev6UrV4el_O7VaZ5TocMbMUN47yWtRWGVpTlDec6p6KwRRNhIThNDGZqIypgxjam5ILZXBptOZ-iq3HuzvcfewiDavu97-JKxYSkkpZCFJHFRpbxfQgerNrFr7U_KEpUslC1KlmokoVqtDCKbkcRxPs_HXgVjIPOQOM8mEE1vftP_gutuXo1</recordid><startdate>202011</startdate><enddate>202011</enddate><creator>Barzegari, Ghodrat</creator><creator>Tirkhooni, Mehrnaz</creator><creator>Khabbazi, Amir</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202011</creationdate><title>Experimental assessment of clayey layers for clogging of TBM in Tabriz subway lines, Iran</title><author>Barzegari, Ghodrat ; Tirkhooni, Mehrnaz ; Khabbazi, Amir</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a351t-ef93c233b6bf4c19125d33a5147f7d3b644313c232cbc49e2cfdc8342f56caf33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Adhesion</topic><topic>Adhesion tests</topic><topic>Atterberg limits</topic><topic>Clay</topic><topic>Clay minerals</topic><topic>Clay soils</topic><topic>Clayey layers</topic><topic>Drilling machines (tools)</topic><topic>Excavation</topic><topic>Illite</topic><topic>Mechanized tunneling</topic><topic>Moisture content</topic><topic>Montmorillonite</topic><topic>Pull out tests</topic><topic>Shear tests</topic><topic>Sieve analysis</topic><topic>Soil moisture</topic><topic>Soil testing</topic><topic>Soils</topic><topic>Tabriz subway</topic><topic>TBM clogging</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Barzegari, Ghodrat</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tirkhooni, Mehrnaz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khabbazi, Amir</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Tunnelling and underground space technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Barzegari, Ghodrat</au><au>Tirkhooni, Mehrnaz</au><au>Khabbazi, Amir</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Experimental assessment of clayey layers for clogging of TBM in Tabriz subway lines, Iran</atitle><jtitle>Tunnelling and underground space technology</jtitle><date>2020-11</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>105</volume><spage>103560</spage><pages>103560-</pages><artnum>103560</artnum><issn>0886-7798</issn><eissn>1878-4364</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
•Adhesion and clogging tendency of clay-rich soil and rocks were investigated using different test methods.•Correlation of normal adhesion to cohesion and tangential adhesion in various IC were investigated.•It was found that clayey material may encountered on the Tabriz subway lines have medium to high clogging risk.
Clogging phenomenon is defined as the excessive adhesion of clayey particles to drilling equipment that adversely affect machine efficiency. This study involves the clogging potential of clayey soil and rock samples collected from Tabriz subway lines that were tested by laboratory experiments. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, a series of analyses were carried out including sieve analysis, hydrometer, Atterberg limit, slake durability, direct shear, modified direct shear test on the soil/steel interface, and piston pullout apparatus. According to USCS, the studied samples are classified as CL and CH. The clay minerals of the samples are mainly montmorillonite and illite. According to the exist diagrams and classifications based on Atterberg limits, consistency index and adhesion stress, samples are classified as medium to high risk for clogging. The maximum clogging occurrence is possible in the moisture content between 20 and 52% (IC < 0.75). The results proved that water content is a key parameter in adhesion stress variation and clogging behavior of clayey materials. The results of the direct shear test on clay/clay and clay/steel interface indicate that with increasing water content, the cohesion of soil decreases and tangential adhesion to the steel surface tends to increase. Based on piston pullout test, the normal adhesion stress of samples increased to a peak value at IC = 0.65 to 0.75. The results obtained in this study indicate a moderate to high risk of clogging in the mechanized excavation of subway lines in the study area while encountering clayey layers.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.tust.2020.103560</doi></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Adhesion Adhesion tests Atterberg limits Clay Clay minerals Clay soils Clayey layers Drilling machines (tools) Excavation Illite Mechanized tunneling Moisture content Montmorillonite Pull out tests Shear tests Sieve analysis Soil moisture Soil testing Soils Tabriz subway TBM clogging |
| title | Experimental assessment of clayey layers for clogging of TBM in Tabriz subway lines, Iran |
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