Platform-mediated short-term rentals and gentrification in Madrid

Gentrification demands updated frameworks to assess the impact of some major global trends on the local populations’ access to housing. Short-term accommodation using digital platforms in previously gentrified central urban areas is playing a significant role in outlining a new wave of ‘transnational gentrification’ in a number of global cities. Having undergone classical patterns of gentrification over the last two decades, the central district of Madrid and its surroundings are showing patterns of a new wave of gentrification in a context of economic crisis, planetary rent gaps, increasing global tourism and an increase in rental prices in central areas that may be related to the emergence of short-term rentals – making Madrid a relevant case for depicting transnational gentrification in the Southern European capitals. Based on empirical data, this work explores the holiday rental supply in Madrid over three years (2015–2018), verifying a strong association between the growth in tourist arrivals, the settlement of new residents from wealthy economic backgrounds and increasing rental prices. Since this process is accompanied by deregulation of local rental contracts and the growth of transnational Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs), even in some of the most vulnerable areas located beyond the M-30 ring road, this wave of gentrification has the potential to produce displacement and substitution of residents. 绅士化要求更新框架，以评估一些重要的全球趋势对当地居民获得住房的影响。在此前已完成绅士化的中心城市地区，使用数字平台出租的短租房在描绘一些全球城市的新一波“跨国绅士化”方面发挥着重要作用。在过去20年里经历了传统的绅士化模式后，马德里市中心及其周边地区正呈现出新一轮绅士化的模式，其背景是经济危机、全球租金差距、全球旅游业增长以及中心地区租金价格上涨（这些都可能与短租房的出现有关），这使得马德里成为了描绘南欧国家首都跨国绅士化的一个相关案例。基于实证数据，本研究探讨了马德里在三年内（2015-2018年）的假日租赁供应，验证了游客数量的增长、来自富裕经济背景的新居民的定居和租金价格的上涨之间的高相关性。由于这一过程伴随着对当地租赁合同的放松管制和跨国房地产投资信托 (REIT) 的发展，即使在位于M-30环路以外的一些最脆弱的地区，这一绅士化浪潮也有可能造成居民被排挤和取代。