Maximum mass cutoff in the neutron star mass distribution and the prospect of forming supramassive objects in the double neutron star mergers
The sample of neutron stars with a measured mass is growing quickly. With the latest sample, we adopt both a flexible Gaussian mixture model and a Gaussian plus Cauchy-Lorentz component model to infer the mass distribution of neutron stars and use the Bayesian model selection to explore evidence for...
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description | The sample of neutron stars with a measured mass is growing quickly. With the latest sample, we adopt both a flexible Gaussian mixture model and a Gaussian plus Cauchy-Lorentz component model to infer the mass distribution of neutron stars and use the Bayesian model selection to explore evidence for multimodality and a sharp cutoff in the mass distribution. The two models yield rather similar results. Consistent with previous studies, we find evidence for a bimodal distribution together with a cutoff at a mass of ... (68% credible interval, for the Gaussian mixture model). If such a cutoff is interpreted as the maximum gravitational mass of nonrotating cold neutron stars, the prospect of forming supramassive remnants is found to be quite promising for the double neutron star mergers with a total gravitational mass less than or equal to 2.7 M⊙ unless the thermal pions could substantially soften the equation of state for the very hot neutron star matter. These supramassive remnants have a typical kinetic rotational energy of approximately 1 − 2 × 1053 ergs. Together with a high neutron star merger rate approximately 103 Gpc−3 yr−3, the neutron star mergers are expected to be significant sources of EeV (1018 eV) cosmic-ray protons. (ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.). |
doi_str_mv | 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063006 |
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With the latest sample, we adopt both a flexible Gaussian mixture model and a Gaussian plus Cauchy-Lorentz component model to infer the mass distribution of neutron stars and use the Bayesian model selection to explore evidence for multimodality and a sharp cutoff in the mass distribution. The two models yield rather similar results. Consistent with previous studies, we find evidence for a bimodal distribution together with a cutoff at a mass of ... (68% credible interval, for the Gaussian mixture model). If such a cutoff is interpreted as the maximum gravitational mass of nonrotating cold neutron stars, the prospect of forming supramassive remnants is found to be quite promising for the double neutron star mergers with a total gravitational mass less than or equal to 2.7 M⊙ unless the thermal pions could substantially soften the equation of state for the very hot neutron star matter. These supramassive remnants have a typical kinetic rotational energy of approximately 1 − 2 × 1053 ergs. Together with a high neutron star merger rate approximately 103 Gpc−3 yr−3, the neutron star mergers are expected to be significant sources of EeV (1018 eV) cosmic-ray protons. (ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.).</description><identifier>ISSN: 2470-0010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2470-0029</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063006</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>College Park: American Physical Society</publisher><subject>Cold neutrons ; Cosmic rays ; Equations of state ; Gravitation ; Mass distribution ; Neutron stars ; Neutrons ; Pions ; Probabilistic models ; Star formation ; Star mergers ; Stellar evolution</subject><ispartof>Physical review. 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These supramassive remnants have a typical kinetic rotational energy of approximately 1 − 2 × 1053 ergs. Together with a high neutron star merger rate approximately 103 Gpc−3 yr−3, the neutron star mergers are expected to be significant sources of EeV (1018 eV) cosmic-ray protons. (ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.).</description><subject>Cold neutrons</subject><subject>Cosmic rays</subject><subject>Equations of state</subject><subject>Gravitation</subject><subject>Mass distribution</subject><subject>Neutron stars</subject><subject>Neutrons</subject><subject>Pions</subject><subject>Probabilistic models</subject><subject>Star formation</subject><subject>Star mergers</subject><subject>Stellar evolution</subject><issn>2470-0010</issn><issn>2470-0029</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdUMtOwzAQtBBIVKVfwMUS5xS_EidHVJ4SCIR6t5zEbl01cfCjoh_BP-MSyoHTrmZnZ3cGgEuM5hgjev223vt3tbudY0TmqKAIFSdgQhhHGUKkOv3rMToHM-83KLUFqjjGE_D1Ij9NFzvYSe9hE4PVGpoehrWCvYrB2R76IN04b40PztQxmATLvv2hDc76QTUBWg21dZ3pV9DHwcnDitkpaOtNGvujbGtjvf2vrtxKOX8BzrTcejX7rVOwvL9bLh6z59eHp8XNc9ZQRkPGeZ3jKrmiDS9kzijDnNW6JZw1NdVlobQukdaUkoLoBquSsVKiNpeMljmmU3A1yqbXP6LyQWxsdH26KAg7KJOKl4lFR1aTDHqntBic6aTbC4zEIXlxTD4BRIzJ02-g23r0</recordid><startdate>20200908</startdate><enddate>20200908</enddate><creator>Shao, Dong-Sheng</creator><creator>Tang, Shao-Peng</creator><creator>Jiang, Jin-Liang</creator><creator>Fan, Yi-Zhong</creator><general>American Physical Society</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-7825</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9120-7733</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-6569</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-6911</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200908</creationdate><title>Maximum mass cutoff in the neutron star mass distribution and the prospect of forming supramassive objects in the double neutron star mergers</title><author>Shao, Dong-Sheng ; Tang, Shao-Peng ; Jiang, Jin-Liang ; Fan, Yi-Zhong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c343t-77b5192473c76a5434174bfd274cb3f86eff80ff33262fc1e8448a0d5a438513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Cold neutrons</topic><topic>Cosmic rays</topic><topic>Equations of state</topic><topic>Gravitation</topic><topic>Mass distribution</topic><topic>Neutron stars</topic><topic>Neutrons</topic><topic>Pions</topic><topic>Probabilistic models</topic><topic>Star formation</topic><topic>Star mergers</topic><topic>Stellar evolution</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Shao, Dong-Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tang, Shao-Peng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Jin-Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fan, Yi-Zhong</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Physical review. D</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Shao, Dong-Sheng</au><au>Tang, Shao-Peng</au><au>Jiang, Jin-Liang</au><au>Fan, Yi-Zhong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Maximum mass cutoff in the neutron star mass distribution and the prospect of forming supramassive objects in the double neutron star mergers</atitle><jtitle>Physical review. D</jtitle><date>2020-09-08</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>102</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><artnum>063006</artnum><issn>2470-0010</issn><eissn>2470-0029</eissn><abstract>The sample of neutron stars with a measured mass is growing quickly. With the latest sample, we adopt both a flexible Gaussian mixture model and a Gaussian plus Cauchy-Lorentz component model to infer the mass distribution of neutron stars and use the Bayesian model selection to explore evidence for multimodality and a sharp cutoff in the mass distribution. The two models yield rather similar results. Consistent with previous studies, we find evidence for a bimodal distribution together with a cutoff at a mass of ... (68% credible interval, for the Gaussian mixture model). If such a cutoff is interpreted as the maximum gravitational mass of nonrotating cold neutron stars, the prospect of forming supramassive remnants is found to be quite promising for the double neutron star mergers with a total gravitational mass less than or equal to 2.7 M⊙ unless the thermal pions could substantially soften the equation of state for the very hot neutron star matter. These supramassive remnants have a typical kinetic rotational energy of approximately 1 − 2 × 1053 ergs. Together with a high neutron star merger rate approximately 103 Gpc−3 yr−3, the neutron star mergers are expected to be significant sources of EeV (1018 eV) cosmic-ray protons. (ProQuest: ... denotes formula omitted.).</abstract><cop>College Park</cop><pub>American Physical Society</pub><doi>10.1103/PhysRevD.102.063006</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-7825</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9120-7733</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2352-6569</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8966-6911</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Cold neutrons Cosmic rays Equations of state Gravitation Mass distribution Neutron stars Neutrons Pions Probabilistic models Star formation Star mergers Stellar evolution |
title | Maximum mass cutoff in the neutron star mass distribution and the prospect of forming supramassive objects in the double neutron star mergers |
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