Observations of Enhanced Sediment Transport by Nonlinear Internal Waves
The mechanisms responsible for sediment resuspension and transport by nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) remain poorly understood largely due to a dearth of detailed field measurements. We present novel observations of the turbulent benthic boundary‐layer (BBL) beneath trains of NLIWs of depression in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Geophysical research letters 2020-10, Vol.47 (19), p.n/a |
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| creator | Zulberti, A. Jones, N. L. Ivey, G. N. |
| description | The mechanisms responsible for sediment resuspension and transport by nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) remain poorly understood largely due to a dearth of detailed field measurements. We present novel observations of the turbulent benthic boundary‐layer (BBL) beneath trains of NLIWs of depression in the ocean. At the 250 m deep, low‐gradient ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2020GL088499 |
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Plain Language Summary
With wave heights reaching 100 m, nonlinear internal waves generate some of the strongest ocean currents on the world's continental shelves. These extreme currents penetrate down to the seabed, where they greatly enhance sediment resuspension, eject sediments high into the water column, and generate some of the strongest forces on subsea engineered structures. These waves likely redistribute settled biological material, dense plastics, and sediment‐sorbed hydrocarbons on the continental shelf. Despite their significance, the details of these processes remain inadequately understood, owing to the challenges of detailed near‐bed observation and equally the challenges of configuring laboratory and computational experiments to be representative of ocean conditions. We present new detailed near‐bed observations under 70 m nonlinear internal waves in the ocean. The observations (1) show how these waves enhanced resuspension and transport of sediments; (2) identify a potential pathway for transport of terrestrial material from the continent toward the abyss; and (3) highlight some future challenges for modeling these processes in computer simulations of the ocean.
Key Points
Novel observations of the oceanic benthic boundary‐layer structure provide unique insight into sediment transport under NLIWs of depression
Sediment transport is explained by strong turbulence and pumping by the NLIW without recourse to complex instability mechanisms
The findings have implications for cross‐shelf transport, RANS ocean modeling, and DNS/LES modeling of NLIWs in the ocean</description><identifier>ISSN: 0094-8276</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8007</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2020GL088499</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Abyssal environment ; Benthos ; Biological materials ; boundary‐layer ; Compression ; Computer applications ; Continental shelves ; Dynamic stability ; Hydrocarbons ; Internal waves ; Mass transport ; Mathematical models ; Modelling ; nonlinear internal waves ; Ocean currents ; Ocean floor ; Ocean models ; Oceans ; physical oceanography ; Polymers ; Resuspension ; Sediment ; Sediment transport ; Sediments ; Shelf seas ; Stratification ; turbulence ; Water circulation ; Water column ; Wave height</subject><ispartof>Geophysical research letters, 2020-10, Vol.47 (19), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2020. The Authors.</rights><rights>2020. This article is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4107-4323f17738c96881c12b8f37c4c0eaa05cc814d76c3aa78444e837fcf92bc81f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a4107-4323f17738c96881c12b8f37c4c0eaa05cc814d76c3aa78444e837fcf92bc81f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2469-2470 ; 0000-0003-3143-1762 ; 0000-0003-2550-4590</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2020GL088499$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2020GL088499$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,11493,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46443,46808,46867</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zulberti, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, N. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivey, G. N.</creatorcontrib><title>Observations of Enhanced Sediment Transport by Nonlinear Internal Waves</title><title>Geophysical research letters</title><description>The mechanisms responsible for sediment resuspension and transport by nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) remain poorly understood largely due to a dearth of detailed field measurements. We present novel observations of the turbulent benthic boundary‐layer (BBL) beneath trains of NLIWs of depression in the ocean. At the 250 m deep, low‐gradient (<0.2%) continental shelf site the BBL was near well mixed to an average height of about 10 m above the bottom. Above this bottom mixing‐layer, stratification constrained the extent of vertical sediment transport. NLIWs drove sediment transport by a combination of bed‐stress intensification, turbulent transport, and a vertical pumping mechanism associated with the compression and subsequent expansion of the mixing‐layer. There was no evidence that the observed dynamics were associated with a global instability, as proposed in previous studies. The results have implications for cross‐shelf mass transport and highlight future challenges for measuring and modeling boundary‐layer processes within shelf seas.
Plain Language Summary
With wave heights reaching 100 m, nonlinear internal waves generate some of the strongest ocean currents on the world's continental shelves. These extreme currents penetrate down to the seabed, where they greatly enhance sediment resuspension, eject sediments high into the water column, and generate some of the strongest forces on subsea engineered structures. These waves likely redistribute settled biological material, dense plastics, and sediment‐sorbed hydrocarbons on the continental shelf. Despite their significance, the details of these processes remain inadequately understood, owing to the challenges of detailed near‐bed observation and equally the challenges of configuring laboratory and computational experiments to be representative of ocean conditions. We present new detailed near‐bed observations under 70 m nonlinear internal waves in the ocean. The observations (1) show how these waves enhanced resuspension and transport of sediments; (2) identify a potential pathway for transport of terrestrial material from the continent toward the abyss; and (3) highlight some future challenges for modeling these processes in computer simulations of the ocean.
Key Points
Novel observations of the oceanic benthic boundary‐layer structure provide unique insight into sediment transport under NLIWs of depression
Sediment transport is explained by strong turbulence and pumping by the NLIW without recourse to complex instability mechanisms
The findings have implications for cross‐shelf transport, RANS ocean modeling, and DNS/LES modeling of NLIWs in the ocean</description><subject>Abyssal environment</subject><subject>Benthos</subject><subject>Biological materials</subject><subject>boundary‐layer</subject><subject>Compression</subject><subject>Computer applications</subject><subject>Continental shelves</subject><subject>Dynamic stability</subject><subject>Hydrocarbons</subject><subject>Internal waves</subject><subject>Mass transport</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>nonlinear internal waves</subject><subject>Ocean currents</subject><subject>Ocean floor</subject><subject>Ocean models</subject><subject>Oceans</subject><subject>physical oceanography</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Resuspension</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediment transport</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Shelf seas</subject><subject>Stratification</subject><subject>turbulence</subject><subject>Water circulation</subject><subject>Water column</subject><subject>Wave height</subject><issn>0094-8276</issn><issn>1944-8007</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><recordid>eNp90E1LAzEQBuAgCtbqzR8Q8Orq5KOb5CilroXFglY8hmya4JZtUpOt0n_vlnrw5GkG5uFleBG6JnBHgKp7ChSqGqTkSp2gEVGcFxJAnKIRgBp2KspzdJHzGgAYMDJC1aLJLn2Zvo0h4-jxLHyYYN0Kv7pVu3Ghx8tkQt7G1ONmj59j6NrgTMLz0LsUTIffzZfLl-jMmy67q985Rm-Ps-X0qagX1Xz6UBeGExAFZ5R5IgSTVpVSEktoIz0TlltwxsDEWkn4SpSWGSMk59xJJrz1ijbDxbMxujnmblP83Lnc63XcHd7ImvIJlKUkVAzq9qhsijkn5_U2tRuT9pqAPlSl_1Y1cHrk323n9v9aXb3UJaFSsB8phmkf</recordid><startdate>20201016</startdate><enddate>20201016</enddate><creator>Zulberti, A.</creator><creator>Jones, N. L.</creator><creator>Ivey, G. N.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-2470</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-1762</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-4590</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201016</creationdate><title>Observations of Enhanced Sediment Transport by Nonlinear Internal Waves</title><author>Zulberti, A. ; Jones, N. L. ; Ivey, G. N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a4107-4323f17738c96881c12b8f37c4c0eaa05cc814d76c3aa78444e837fcf92bc81f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Abyssal environment</topic><topic>Benthos</topic><topic>Biological materials</topic><topic>boundary‐layer</topic><topic>Compression</topic><topic>Computer applications</topic><topic>Continental shelves</topic><topic>Dynamic stability</topic><topic>Hydrocarbons</topic><topic>Internal waves</topic><topic>Mass transport</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>nonlinear internal waves</topic><topic>Ocean currents</topic><topic>Ocean floor</topic><topic>Ocean models</topic><topic>Oceans</topic><topic>physical oceanography</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Resuspension</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sediment transport</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Shelf seas</topic><topic>Stratification</topic><topic>turbulence</topic><topic>Water circulation</topic><topic>Water column</topic><topic>Wave height</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zulberti, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jones, N. L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ivey, G. N.</creatorcontrib><collection>Wiley Online Library Open Access</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zulberti, A.</au><au>Jones, N. L.</au><au>Ivey, G. N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Observations of Enhanced Sediment Transport by Nonlinear Internal Waves</atitle><jtitle>Geophysical research letters</jtitle><date>2020-10-16</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>19</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0094-8276</issn><eissn>1944-8007</eissn><abstract>The mechanisms responsible for sediment resuspension and transport by nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) remain poorly understood largely due to a dearth of detailed field measurements. We present novel observations of the turbulent benthic boundary‐layer (BBL) beneath trains of NLIWs of depression in the ocean. At the 250 m deep, low‐gradient (<0.2%) continental shelf site the BBL was near well mixed to an average height of about 10 m above the bottom. Above this bottom mixing‐layer, stratification constrained the extent of vertical sediment transport. NLIWs drove sediment transport by a combination of bed‐stress intensification, turbulent transport, and a vertical pumping mechanism associated with the compression and subsequent expansion of the mixing‐layer. There was no evidence that the observed dynamics were associated with a global instability, as proposed in previous studies. The results have implications for cross‐shelf mass transport and highlight future challenges for measuring and modeling boundary‐layer processes within shelf seas.
Plain Language Summary
With wave heights reaching 100 m, nonlinear internal waves generate some of the strongest ocean currents on the world's continental shelves. These extreme currents penetrate down to the seabed, where they greatly enhance sediment resuspension, eject sediments high into the water column, and generate some of the strongest forces on subsea engineered structures. These waves likely redistribute settled biological material, dense plastics, and sediment‐sorbed hydrocarbons on the continental shelf. Despite their significance, the details of these processes remain inadequately understood, owing to the challenges of detailed near‐bed observation and equally the challenges of configuring laboratory and computational experiments to be representative of ocean conditions. We present new detailed near‐bed observations under 70 m nonlinear internal waves in the ocean. The observations (1) show how these waves enhanced resuspension and transport of sediments; (2) identify a potential pathway for transport of terrestrial material from the continent toward the abyss; and (3) highlight some future challenges for modeling these processes in computer simulations of the ocean.
Key Points
Novel observations of the oceanic benthic boundary‐layer structure provide unique insight into sediment transport under NLIWs of depression
Sediment transport is explained by strong turbulence and pumping by the NLIW without recourse to complex instability mechanisms
The findings have implications for cross‐shelf transport, RANS ocean modeling, and DNS/LES modeling of NLIWs in the ocean</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2020GL088499</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2469-2470</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3143-1762</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2550-4590</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abyssal environment Benthos Biological materials boundary‐layer Compression Computer applications Continental shelves Dynamic stability Hydrocarbons Internal waves Mass transport Mathematical models Modelling nonlinear internal waves Ocean currents Ocean floor Ocean models Oceans physical oceanography Polymers Resuspension Sediment Sediment transport Sediments Shelf seas Stratification turbulence Water circulation Water column Wave height |
| title | Observations of Enhanced Sediment Transport by Nonlinear Internal Waves |
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