Multigene phylogeny of the family Cordycipitaceae (Hypocreales): new taxa and the new systematic position of the Chinese cordycipitoid fungus Paecilomyces hepiali

The phylogeny and systematics of cordycipitoid fungi have been extensively studied in the last two decades. However, systematic positions of some taxa in the family Cordycipitaceae have not yet been thoroughly resolved. In this study, a new phylogenetic framework of Cordycipitaceae is reconstructed using multigene (nr SSU , nr LSU, tef-1α, rpb1 and rpb2 ) sequence data with large-scale taxon sampling. In addition, ITS sequence data of species belonging to the Lecanicillium lineage in the family Cordycipitaceae are used to further determine their phylogenetic placements. Based on molecular phylogenetic data together with morphological evidence, two new genera ( Flavocillium and Liangia ), 16 new species and four new combinations are introduced. In the new genus Flavocillium , one new species F. bifurcatum and three new combinations previously described as Lecanicillium , namely F. acerosium, F. primulinium and F. subprimulinium , are proposed . The genus Liangia is built by the new species Lia. sinensis with Lecanicillium- like asexual morph, isolated from an entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria yunnanensis . Due to the absence of Paecilomyces hepiali , an economically and medically significant fungus, in the earlier phylogenetic analyses, its systematic position has been puzzling in both business and academic communities for a long time. Here, P. hepiali is recharacterized using the holotype material along with seven additional samples. It is assigned to the genus Samsoniella (Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales) possessing Cordyceps -like sexual morph and Isaria- like asexual morph, and thus a new combination, namely S. hepiali is proposed . An additional nine new species in Samsoniella are described: S. alpina, S. antleroides, S. cardinalis, S. cristata, S. lanmaoa, S. kunmingensis , S. ramosa, S. tortricidae and S. yunnanensis. Four new species in Cordyceps are described: C. chaetoclavata, C. cocoonihabita, C. shuifuensis and C. subtenuipes . Simplicillium yunnanense , isolated from synnemata of Akanthomyces waltergamsii , is described as a new species.