An andesitic sill complex in the Southern Permian Basin: volcanogenetic model and stratigraphic implications

Subvolcanic intrusions are highly variable in shape and structure, and occur in nearly all parts of the upper crust, as a result of extensive volcanic activity. Processes of subvolcanics interacting with the host rock are insufficiently understood, as they are rarely exposed. In the southernmost part of the Flechtingen-Altmark Subprovince, (sub)volcanic rocks of the Flechtingen Volcanic Complex (FVC) are exposed in several quarries. It is built up of silicic tuffs, ignimbrites and lava flows, but also of intermediate lavas and extended sill sheets. Additionally, major granitic intrusions exposed by drillings are associated with the FVC. In the Mammendorf quarry, a sill intruded in between lithified turbiditic series of early Carboniferous (Visean–Serphukovian) age at the base, and widely consolidated volcanoclastic deposits of late Carboniferous (late Pennsylvanian) age at the top. Various magma-host rock interactions were found indicating brittle and ductile deformation patterns occurring at the basal contact, and secondary fluidal mixing predominantly occurring at the top contact, most probably caused by fluids accompanying the intruding magma. We present an extended volcanogenetic model for the FVC. Volcanic activity initiated at 302 ± 3 Ma with fallout deposits represented by mostly re-deposited silicic ashfall deposits of the Flechtingen Formation, and cumulated in depositing major ignimbrite series, most likely forming a caldera. Later, the sills intruded at the rheological boundary of the lithified Mississippian turbiditic series and the partly consolidated volcanoclastic series. Finally, major granitic intrusions emplaced in the basement rocks at around 298 ± 4 Ma. The study contributes to clarify stratigraphic constraints of late Carboniferous to early Permian continental deposits and sheds light on stratigraphy of significant late Paleozoic volcanic deposits of the Flechtingen-Altmark Subprovince in the Southern Permian Basin.