The potential of novel carbon nanocages as a carbon support for an enhanced methanol electro‐oxidation reaction in a direct methanol fuel cell
Summary In this study, we introduce the potential for a new catalyst support, namely, carbon nanocages (CNCs) for anodic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of four electrocatalysts, PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtFe/CNC and PtCo/CNC, have been investiga...
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| creator | Ramli, Zatil A. C. Kamarudin, S. K. Basri, Sahriah Zainoodin, Azran M. |
| description | Summary
In this study, we introduce the potential for a new catalyst support, namely, carbon nanocages (CNCs) for anodic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of four electrocatalysts, PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtFe/CNC and PtCo/CNC, have been investigated. These electrocatalysts are synthesized using pyrolysis, followed by a microwave‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction method. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, PtNi/CNC and PtRu/CNC showed the smallest crystallite particle size of Pt‐alloy, which corresponded to the (111) plane. The Raman spectra confirmed the presence of the carbon support material in all prepared electrocatalysts. The ratio value of the D band and G band (ID/IG) of all prepared samples was not much different within the electrocatalyst and CNC. The ID/IG values calculated for the CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtRu/CNC, PtCo/CNC and PtFe/CNC electrocatalysts were 0.90, 0.89, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Therefore, the number of defects of graphitization in increasing order (ID/IG) was PtFe/CNC |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/er.5621 |
| format | Article |
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In this study, we introduce the potential for a new catalyst support, namely, carbon nanocages (CNCs) for anodic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of four electrocatalysts, PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtFe/CNC and PtCo/CNC, have been investigated. These electrocatalysts are synthesized using pyrolysis, followed by a microwave‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction method. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, PtNi/CNC and PtRu/CNC showed the smallest crystallite particle size of Pt‐alloy, which corresponded to the (111) plane. The Raman spectra confirmed the presence of the carbon support material in all prepared electrocatalysts. The ratio value of the D band and G band (ID/IG) of all prepared samples was not much different within the electrocatalyst and CNC. The ID/IG values calculated for the CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtRu/CNC, PtCo/CNC and PtFe/CNC electrocatalysts were 0.90, 0.89, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Therefore, the number of defects of graphitization in increasing order (ID/IG) was PtFe/CNC < PtCo/CNC < PtRu/CNC < PtNi/CNC < CNC. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis revealed that the CNC support has a mesoporous‐type structure with a high surface area of 416 m2 g−1, which indicates that this support has a high potential to act as an excellent catalyst support. From the cyclic voltammetry curve, PtRu/CNC showed the highest catalytic activity in methanol electro‐oxidation and reached a value of 427 mA mg−1, followed by PtNi/CNC (384.11 mA mg−1), PtCo/CNC (150.53 mA mg−1) and PtFe/CNC (144.11 mA mg−1). PtFe/CNC exhibited a higher ratio value of If/Ib (3.24) compared with PtRu/CNC (2.34), PtNi/CNC (1.43) and PtCo/CNC (1.62). These values show that the combination of Pt and Fe catalysts in PtFe/CNC had better CO tolerance than PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC and PtCo/CNC electrocatalysts. The higher performance of PtRu/CNC was attributed to the fact that it had the smallest bimetallic‐Pt crystallite; there was a smooth distribution of bimetallic‐Pt on its CNC support, as shown by field emission scanning electron microscopy; it had the highest electrochemical surface area value (16.23 m2 g−1); and it had an overall catalytic performance enhanced by the advantages of the unique and large surface area from the CNC as support material. In passive DMFC mode, PtRu/CNC showed a maximum power density of 3.35 mW cm−2, which is 1.72 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst.
In this study, we introduce carbon nanocages (PtRu CNC) support for anodic Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. PtRu/CNC showed a maximum power density of 3.35 mW cm−2, which is 1.72 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst. The higher performance of PtRu/CNC was attributed to the fact that it had the smallest bimetallic‐Pt crystallite with a smooth distribution of bimetallic‐Pt on its CNC support, as shown by FESEM</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-907X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-114X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/er.5621</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Bimetals ; Carbon ; carbon nanocages ; catalyst support ; Catalysts ; Catalytic activity ; Chemical synthesis ; Crystal defects ; Crystallites ; Crystals ; Defects ; direct methanol fuel cell ; Electrocatalysts ; Electrochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Ethylene glycol ; Field emission microscopy ; Fuel cells ; Fuel technology ; Graphitization ; Immunoglobulins ; Intermetallic compounds ; Maximum power density ; Methanol ; methanol electro oxidation reaction ; Oxidation ; platinum alloy ; Pyrolysis ; Raman spectra ; Raman spectroscopy ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Surface area</subject><ispartof>International journal of energy research, 2020-10, Vol.44 (13), p.10071-10086</ispartof><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2741-64bfb9685213f554f8bcbb53dde97a747768b8a94d849cee8ad651666ff0ee7f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2741-64bfb9685213f554f8bcbb53dde97a747768b8a94d849cee8ad651666ff0ee7f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2453-562X ; 0000-0003-0383-5049</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fer.5621$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fer.5621$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ramli, Zatil A. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamarudin, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basri, Sahriah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zainoodin, Azran M.</creatorcontrib><title>The potential of novel carbon nanocages as a carbon support for an enhanced methanol electro‐oxidation reaction in a direct methanol fuel cell</title><title>International journal of energy research</title><description>Summary
In this study, we introduce the potential for a new catalyst support, namely, carbon nanocages (CNCs) for anodic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of four electrocatalysts, PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtFe/CNC and PtCo/CNC, have been investigated. These electrocatalysts are synthesized using pyrolysis, followed by a microwave‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction method. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, PtNi/CNC and PtRu/CNC showed the smallest crystallite particle size of Pt‐alloy, which corresponded to the (111) plane. The Raman spectra confirmed the presence of the carbon support material in all prepared electrocatalysts. The ratio value of the D band and G band (ID/IG) of all prepared samples was not much different within the electrocatalyst and CNC. The ID/IG values calculated for the CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtRu/CNC, PtCo/CNC and PtFe/CNC electrocatalysts were 0.90, 0.89, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Therefore, the number of defects of graphitization in increasing order (ID/IG) was PtFe/CNC < PtCo/CNC < PtRu/CNC < PtNi/CNC < CNC. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis revealed that the CNC support has a mesoporous‐type structure with a high surface area of 416 m2 g−1, which indicates that this support has a high potential to act as an excellent catalyst support. From the cyclic voltammetry curve, PtRu/CNC showed the highest catalytic activity in methanol electro‐oxidation and reached a value of 427 mA mg−1, followed by PtNi/CNC (384.11 mA mg−1), PtCo/CNC (150.53 mA mg−1) and PtFe/CNC (144.11 mA mg−1). PtFe/CNC exhibited a higher ratio value of If/Ib (3.24) compared with PtRu/CNC (2.34), PtNi/CNC (1.43) and PtCo/CNC (1.62). These values show that the combination of Pt and Fe catalysts in PtFe/CNC had better CO tolerance than PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC and PtCo/CNC electrocatalysts. The higher performance of PtRu/CNC was attributed to the fact that it had the smallest bimetallic‐Pt crystallite; there was a smooth distribution of bimetallic‐Pt on its CNC support, as shown by field emission scanning electron microscopy; it had the highest electrochemical surface area value (16.23 m2 g−1); and it had an overall catalytic performance enhanced by the advantages of the unique and large surface area from the CNC as support material. In passive DMFC mode, PtRu/CNC showed a maximum power density of 3.35 mW cm−2, which is 1.72 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst.
In this study, we introduce carbon nanocages (PtRu CNC) support for anodic Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. PtRu/CNC showed a maximum power density of 3.35 mW cm−2, which is 1.72 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst. The higher performance of PtRu/CNC was attributed to the fact that it had the smallest bimetallic‐Pt crystallite with a smooth distribution of bimetallic‐Pt on its CNC support, as shown by FESEM</description><subject>Bimetals</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>carbon nanocages</subject><subject>catalyst support</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Catalytic activity</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Crystal defects</subject><subject>Crystallites</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Defects</subject><subject>direct methanol fuel cell</subject><subject>Electrocatalysts</subject><subject>Electrochemistry</subject><subject>Electron microscopy</subject><subject>Ethylene glycol</subject><subject>Field emission microscopy</subject><subject>Fuel cells</subject><subject>Fuel technology</subject><subject>Graphitization</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Intermetallic compounds</subject><subject>Maximum power density</subject><subject>Methanol</subject><subject>methanol electro oxidation reaction</subject><subject>Oxidation</subject><subject>platinum alloy</subject><subject>Pyrolysis</subject><subject>Raman spectra</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Scanning electron microscopy</subject><subject>Surface area</subject><issn>0363-907X</issn><issn>1099-114X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kN9KwzAUxoMoOKf4CgEvvJDOpE2T9lLG_AMDQSbsrqTpievIkpq26u58hD2jT2K2KV4JB87HOb_zfXAQOqdkRAmJr8GPUh7TAzSgJM8jStn8EA1IwpMoJ2J-jE7adklI2FExQJvZAnDjOrBdLQ12Glv3BgYr6UtnsZXWKfkCLZahfqdt3zTOd1g7j6XFYBfSKqjwCrqgnMFgQHXefX1u3Eddya4ORx6k2onaBqeq9gH5u9D9NhSMOUVHWpoWzn76ED3fTmbj-2j6ePcwvplGKhaMRpyVusx5lsY00WnKdFaqskyTqoJcSMGE4FmZyZxVGcsVQCYrnlLOudYEQOhkiC72vo13rz20XbF0vbchsogZy1mSJFwE6nJPKe_a1oMuGl-vpF8XlBTbdxfgi-27A3m1J99rA-v_sGLytKO_ARLNg4w</recordid><startdate>20201025</startdate><enddate>20201025</enddate><creator>Ramli, Zatil A. C.</creator><creator>Kamarudin, S. K.</creator><creator>Basri, Sahriah</creator><creator>Zainoodin, Azran M.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>SOI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-562X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-5049</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201025</creationdate><title>The potential of novel carbon nanocages as a carbon support for an enhanced methanol electro‐oxidation reaction in a direct methanol fuel cell</title><author>Ramli, Zatil A. C. ; Kamarudin, S. K. ; Basri, Sahriah ; Zainoodin, Azran M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2741-64bfb9685213f554f8bcbb53dde97a747768b8a94d849cee8ad651666ff0ee7f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Bimetals</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>carbon nanocages</topic><topic>catalyst support</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Catalytic activity</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Crystal defects</topic><topic>Crystallites</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Defects</topic><topic>direct methanol fuel cell</topic><topic>Electrocatalysts</topic><topic>Electrochemistry</topic><topic>Electron microscopy</topic><topic>Ethylene glycol</topic><topic>Field emission microscopy</topic><topic>Fuel cells</topic><topic>Fuel technology</topic><topic>Graphitization</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Intermetallic compounds</topic><topic>Maximum power density</topic><topic>Methanol</topic><topic>methanol electro oxidation reaction</topic><topic>Oxidation</topic><topic>platinum alloy</topic><topic>Pyrolysis</topic><topic>Raman spectra</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Scanning electron microscopy</topic><topic>Surface area</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ramli, Zatil A. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamarudin, S. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basri, Sahriah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zainoodin, Azran M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><jtitle>International journal of energy research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ramli, Zatil A. C.</au><au>Kamarudin, S. K.</au><au>Basri, Sahriah</au><au>Zainoodin, Azran M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The potential of novel carbon nanocages as a carbon support for an enhanced methanol electro‐oxidation reaction in a direct methanol fuel cell</atitle><jtitle>International journal of energy research</jtitle><date>2020-10-25</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>13</issue><spage>10071</spage><epage>10086</epage><pages>10071-10086</pages><issn>0363-907X</issn><eissn>1099-114X</eissn><abstract>Summary
In this study, we introduce the potential for a new catalyst support, namely, carbon nanocages (CNCs) for anodic direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The synthesis, characterization and catalytic activities of four electrocatalysts, PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtFe/CNC and PtCo/CNC, have been investigated. These electrocatalysts are synthesized using pyrolysis, followed by a microwave‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction method. From X‐ray diffraction analysis, PtNi/CNC and PtRu/CNC showed the smallest crystallite particle size of Pt‐alloy, which corresponded to the (111) plane. The Raman spectra confirmed the presence of the carbon support material in all prepared electrocatalysts. The ratio value of the D band and G band (ID/IG) of all prepared samples was not much different within the electrocatalyst and CNC. The ID/IG values calculated for the CNC, PtNi/CNC, PtRu/CNC, PtCo/CNC and PtFe/CNC electrocatalysts were 0.90, 0.89, 0.83, 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Therefore, the number of defects of graphitization in increasing order (ID/IG) was PtFe/CNC < PtCo/CNC < PtRu/CNC < PtNi/CNC < CNC. Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller analysis revealed that the CNC support has a mesoporous‐type structure with a high surface area of 416 m2 g−1, which indicates that this support has a high potential to act as an excellent catalyst support. From the cyclic voltammetry curve, PtRu/CNC showed the highest catalytic activity in methanol electro‐oxidation and reached a value of 427 mA mg−1, followed by PtNi/CNC (384.11 mA mg−1), PtCo/CNC (150.53 mA mg−1) and PtFe/CNC (144.11 mA mg−1). PtFe/CNC exhibited a higher ratio value of If/Ib (3.24) compared with PtRu/CNC (2.34), PtNi/CNC (1.43) and PtCo/CNC (1.62). These values show that the combination of Pt and Fe catalysts in PtFe/CNC had better CO tolerance than PtRu/CNC, PtNi/CNC and PtCo/CNC electrocatalysts. The higher performance of PtRu/CNC was attributed to the fact that it had the smallest bimetallic‐Pt crystallite; there was a smooth distribution of bimetallic‐Pt on its CNC support, as shown by field emission scanning electron microscopy; it had the highest electrochemical surface area value (16.23 m2 g−1); and it had an overall catalytic performance enhanced by the advantages of the unique and large surface area from the CNC as support material. In passive DMFC mode, PtRu/CNC showed a maximum power density of 3.35 mW cm−2, which is 1.72 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst.
In this study, we introduce carbon nanocages (PtRu CNC) support for anodic Direct Methanol Fuel Cell. PtRu/CNC showed a maximum power density of 3.35 mW cm−2, which is 1.72 times higher than that of the PtRu/C commercial electrocatalyst. The higher performance of PtRu/CNC was attributed to the fact that it had the smallest bimetallic‐Pt crystallite with a smooth distribution of bimetallic‐Pt on its CNC support, as shown by FESEM</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/er.5621</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2453-562X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0383-5049</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bimetals Carbon carbon nanocages catalyst support Catalysts Catalytic activity Chemical synthesis Crystal defects Crystallites Crystals Defects direct methanol fuel cell Electrocatalysts Electrochemistry Electron microscopy Ethylene glycol Field emission microscopy Fuel cells Fuel technology Graphitization Immunoglobulins Intermetallic compounds Maximum power density Methanol methanol electro oxidation reaction Oxidation platinum alloy Pyrolysis Raman spectra Raman spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy Surface area |
| title | The potential of novel carbon nanocages as a carbon support for an enhanced methanol electro‐oxidation reaction in a direct methanol fuel cell |
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