Synthesis of iron nanoparticles-based hydrochar catalyst for ex-situ catalytic microwave-assisted pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass to renewable phenols

[Display omitted] •Iron nanoparticles-based biochar catalyst was used to produce phenols firstly.•High yields and selectivities of phenols were achieved in the process.•Deactivation mechanism of catalyst was illustrated in detail. Selective production of phenols via ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of li...

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