Cycloaddition Reactions of Epoxides and CO2 by the Novel Imidazolium‐Functionalized Metalloporphyrins: Optimization and Analysis using Response Surface Methodology
The production of cyclic carbonates using CO2 and epoxides has received great attention due to 100 % atom utilization. Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were o...
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description | The production of cyclic carbonates using CO2 and epoxides has received great attention due to 100 % atom utilization. Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Under the optimum condition using Zn‐porphyrin 1 as the catalyst, the turnover number (TON) and turnover number frequency (TOF) for the cycloaddition of CO2 and ECH were 11,629 and 1,735, respectively. In addition, analysis of the RSM indicated that the CO2 pressure had only a small impact on the yield. Based on this conclusion, the catalytic activity of 1 was further evaluated under mild conditions. Regardless of whether the CO2 pressure is high or ambient, this Zn‐porphyrin exhibited an excellent performance with a high turnover number frequency.
Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Regardless of whether the pressure of CO2 is high or ambient, the Zn‐porphyrin 1 exhibited an excellent catalytic activity for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2 to produce cyclic carbonates. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1002/cctc.202000720 |
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Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Regardless of whether the pressure of CO2 is high or ambient, the Zn‐porphyrin 1 exhibited an excellent catalytic activity for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2 to produce cyclic carbonates.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1867-3880</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1867-3899</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000720</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Weinheim: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>bifunctional catalyst ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide fixation ; Carbonates ; Catalysts ; Catalytic activity ; Chemical synthesis ; Cycloaddition ; metalloporphyrin ; Optimization ; Porphyrins ; Response surface methodology</subject><ispartof>ChemCatChem, 2020-10, Vol.12 (19), p.4839-4844</ispartof><rights>2020 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</rights><rights>2020 Wiley‐VCH GmbH</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0003-2112-9666 ; 0000-0002-9517-6417</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fcctc.202000720$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fcctc.202000720$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhonglu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Zhenping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wenhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yi, Jiajia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Caihe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jun</creatorcontrib><title>Cycloaddition Reactions of Epoxides and CO2 by the Novel Imidazolium‐Functionalized Metalloporphyrins: Optimization and Analysis using Response Surface Methodology</title><title>ChemCatChem</title><description>The production of cyclic carbonates using CO2 and epoxides has received great attention due to 100 % atom utilization. Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Under the optimum condition using Zn‐porphyrin 1 as the catalyst, the turnover number (TON) and turnover number frequency (TOF) for the cycloaddition of CO2 and ECH were 11,629 and 1,735, respectively. In addition, analysis of the RSM indicated that the CO2 pressure had only a small impact on the yield. Based on this conclusion, the catalytic activity of 1 was further evaluated under mild conditions. Regardless of whether the CO2 pressure is high or ambient, this Zn‐porphyrin exhibited an excellent performance with a high turnover number frequency.
Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Regardless of whether the pressure of CO2 is high or ambient, the Zn‐porphyrin 1 exhibited an excellent catalytic activity for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2 to produce cyclic carbonates.</description><subject>bifunctional catalyst</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide fixation</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Catalytic activity</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Cycloaddition</subject><subject>metalloporphyrin</subject><subject>Optimization</subject><subject>Porphyrins</subject><subject>Response surface methodology</subject><issn>1867-3880</issn><issn>1867-3899</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid/><recordid>eNo9kU1OwzAQhSMEEqWwZW2JdWFiJ3HCrorKjwRUgrKOXI_TunLjECdAuuIIXIKLcRKSFnU1b6Q37xvped65D5c-AL2SspaXFCgAcAoH3sCPIz5icZIc7nUMx96JcyuAKGE8HHg_aSuNFYi61rYgz0rIXjhiczIp7adG5YgokKRTSuYtqZeKPNl3Zcj9WqPYWKOb9e_X901TbA-F0RuF5FHVwhhb2qpctpUu3DWZlrVe643YcvrEcWdunXakcbpYdGhXdmBFXpoqF1L1GUuL1thFe-od5cI4dfY_h97rzWSW3o0eprf36fhhtKJJAqOIclScKxWHPswl0oByiQJZqHKKSYgoExFQYOjPGQSc0VzyOWIuQ8EABBt6F7vcsrJvjXJ1trJN1f3pMhoEceQzHsWdK9m5PrRRbVZWei2qNvMh63vI-h6yfQ9Zms7S_cb-ALN8hGM</recordid><startdate>20201006</startdate><enddate>20201006</enddate><creator>Li, Zhonglu</creator><creator>Su, Zhenping</creator><creator>Xu, Wenhua</creator><creator>Shi, Qing</creator><creator>Yi, Jiajia</creator><creator>Bai, Caihe</creator><creator>Wang, Ning</creator><creator>Li, Jun</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope/><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-9666</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9517-6417</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201006</creationdate><title>Cycloaddition Reactions of Epoxides and CO2 by the Novel Imidazolium‐Functionalized Metalloporphyrins: Optimization and Analysis using Response Surface Methodology</title><author>Li, Zhonglu ; Su, Zhenping ; Xu, Wenhua ; Shi, Qing ; Yi, Jiajia ; Bai, Caihe ; Wang, Ning ; Li, Jun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-j2990-627de77ee8510bcd2427cdad35ef2d95ddc9a4203d1b304732fc7bddfc5a300a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>bifunctional catalyst</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide fixation</topic><topic>Carbonates</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Catalytic activity</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Cycloaddition</topic><topic>metalloporphyrin</topic><topic>Optimization</topic><topic>Porphyrins</topic><topic>Response surface methodology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Li, Zhonglu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Su, Zhenping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Wenhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yi, Jiajia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bai, Caihe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Jun</creatorcontrib><jtitle>ChemCatChem</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Li, Zhonglu</au><au>Su, Zhenping</au><au>Xu, Wenhua</au><au>Shi, Qing</au><au>Yi, Jiajia</au><au>Bai, Caihe</au><au>Wang, Ning</au><au>Li, Jun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cycloaddition Reactions of Epoxides and CO2 by the Novel Imidazolium‐Functionalized Metalloporphyrins: Optimization and Analysis using Response Surface Methodology</atitle><jtitle>ChemCatChem</jtitle><date>2020-10-06</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>4839</spage><epage>4844</epage><pages>4839-4844</pages><issn>1867-3880</issn><eissn>1867-3899</eissn><abstract>The production of cyclic carbonates using CO2 and epoxides has received great attention due to 100 % atom utilization. Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Under the optimum condition using Zn‐porphyrin 1 as the catalyst, the turnover number (TON) and turnover number frequency (TOF) for the cycloaddition of CO2 and ECH were 11,629 and 1,735, respectively. In addition, analysis of the RSM indicated that the CO2 pressure had only a small impact on the yield. Based on this conclusion, the catalytic activity of 1 was further evaluated under mild conditions. Regardless of whether the CO2 pressure is high or ambient, this Zn‐porphyrin exhibited an excellent performance with a high turnover number frequency.
Herein, novel imidazolium‐containing metalloporphyrins were synthesized as bifunctional catalysts for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2. The reaction conditions were optimized and analyzed with the response surface methodology. Regardless of whether the pressure of CO2 is high or ambient, the Zn‐porphyrin 1 exhibited an excellent catalytic activity for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxides and CO2 to produce cyclic carbonates.</abstract><cop>Weinheim</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1002/cctc.202000720</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-9666</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9517-6417</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | bifunctional catalyst Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide fixation Carbonates Catalysts Catalytic activity Chemical synthesis Cycloaddition metalloporphyrin Optimization Porphyrins Response surface methodology |
title | Cycloaddition Reactions of Epoxides and CO2 by the Novel Imidazolium‐Functionalized Metalloporphyrins: Optimization and Analysis using Response Surface Methodology |
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