Seed germination of selected crop and graminoid species in response to treatment with sodium chloride and oil-field brine solutions

Oil and gas development is often associated with the production of produced water or “brine”, which is a solution of dissolved salts (NaCl ≈ 90%) exhibiting electrical conductivity (EC) upwards of 200 dS m-1. Accidental releases of brine to soils inhibit seed germination through osmotic and ionic st...

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