Solute Production and Transport Processes in Chinese Monsoonal Rivers: Implications for Global Climate Change

The negative feedback between chemical weathering and climate is hypothesized to act as an important control on modulating atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales, affecting the evolution of Earth's climate over the history of Earth. Here, we investigated solute production processes by analyzi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Global biogeochemical cycles 2020-09, Vol.34 (9), p.n/a
Hauptverfasser: Zhong, Jun, Li, Si‐Liang, Ibarra, Daniel E., Ding, Hu, Liu, Cong‐Qiang
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creator Zhong, Jun
Li, Si‐Liang
Ibarra, Daniel E.
Ding, Hu
Liu, Cong‐Qiang
description The negative feedback between chemical weathering and climate is hypothesized to act as an important control on modulating atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales, affecting the evolution of Earth's climate over the history of Earth. Here, we investigated solute production processes by analyzing concentration‐discharge, denoted here as concentration‐runoff (C‐q), relationships of Chinese monsoonal rivers, through both the empirical power law relationship and a recently developed Solute Production Model. We found that solute concentrations were highly modulated by hydrologic conditions which shifted the Damköhler number, Da, the ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average Da of each catchment. Rivers with high average Da induced high maximum weathering fluxes, while the maximum weathering potential was primarily controlled by the Damköhler coefficient (Dw, m/yr), the reactivity of the material in the weathering zone over a given length scale, among the catchments in this study. Globally, HCO3− behaviors and weathering characteristics are highly influenced by carbonate bedrock distributions and abundance. In addition, Chinese monsoonal rivers have higher weathering fluxes, weathering potential, and climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity (4.4%/°C) than most other global rivers. Our work disclosed the mechanisms that link runoff, lithology, and weathering fluxes in monsoonal rivers and analyzed the controlling factors on solute dynamics on global scale, which can be implemented in exploring the chemical weathering processes under ongoing global climate change. Plain Language Summary Continental weathering controls many aspects of the surface‐Earth system, including imposing negative feedback on long‐term carbon cycle. In this study, empirical power law relationship and process‐based Solute Production Model (SPM) were used to disclose solute production and transport processes based on temporal sampling and analyses from Chinese monsoonal rivers. We found that high dissolution rates and high reactive surface areas led to solute concentrations that were relatively invariant with changing runoff. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium of each catchment. Globally, the areal
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Here, we investigated solute production processes by analyzing concentration‐discharge, denoted here as concentration‐runoff (C‐q), relationships of Chinese monsoonal rivers, through both the empirical power law relationship and a recently developed Solute Production Model. We found that solute concentrations were highly modulated by hydrologic conditions which shifted the Damköhler number, Da, the ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average Da of each catchment. Rivers with high average Da induced high maximum weathering fluxes, while the maximum weathering potential was primarily controlled by the Damköhler coefficient (Dw, m/yr), the reactivity of the material in the weathering zone over a given length scale, among the catchments in this study. Globally, HCO3− behaviors and weathering characteristics are highly influenced by carbonate bedrock distributions and abundance. In addition, Chinese monsoonal rivers have higher weathering fluxes, weathering potential, and climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity (4.4%/°C) than most other global rivers. Our work disclosed the mechanisms that link runoff, lithology, and weathering fluxes in monsoonal rivers and analyzed the controlling factors on solute dynamics on global scale, which can be implemented in exploring the chemical weathering processes under ongoing global climate change. Plain Language Summary Continental weathering controls many aspects of the surface‐Earth system, including imposing negative feedback on long‐term carbon cycle. In this study, empirical power law relationship and process‐based Solute Production Model (SPM) were used to disclose solute production and transport processes based on temporal sampling and analyses from Chinese monsoonal rivers. We found that high dissolution rates and high reactive surface areas led to solute concentrations that were relatively invariant with changing runoff. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium of each catchment. Globally, the areal proportion of carbonate controls the HCO3− dynamics and weathering potential. The climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity is 4.4%/°C for Chinese rivers, which is much stronger than the global average sensitivity of 3.6%/°C, based on the SPM. In this work we demonstrated that the solute transport fluxes of Chinese monsoonal rivers will be more sensitive to hydrologic variabilities than most other global rivers under ongoing anthropogenic global climate change. Our conclusions highlighted chemical weathering processes under various hydrologic conditions and illustrated how chemical concentration patterns and weathering fluxes may change under global climate change in rivers worldwide. Key Points Solute concentrations are controlled significantly by the fluid transit time and reactivity Globally, carbonate weathering plays a controlling role in HCO3− spatial distributions and temporal dynamics Climate‐weathering feedback is strong in Chinese rivers, because of the near‐thermodynamic limit of HCO3−</description><identifier>ISSN: 0886-6236</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-9224</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2020GB006541</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Anthropogenic factors ; Bedrock ; Carbon cycle ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations ; carbonate weathering ; Carbonates ; Catchment area ; Catchments ; Chemical weathering ; Climate change ; Climatic evolution ; concentration‐discharge relationships ; Damköhler number ; Dynamics ; Earth ; Earth surface ; Empirical analysis ; Feedback ; Fluxes ; Global climate ; global climate change ; Human influences ; Hydrologic processes ; Hydrology ; Lithology ; monsoonal rivers ; Negative feedback ; Power law ; Rivers ; Runoff ; Sensitivity ; solute production model ; Solute transport ; Solutes ; Suspended particulate matter ; Transit time ; Transport ; Transport processes ; Weathering ; Weathering zone</subject><ispartof>Global biogeochemical cycles, 2020-09, Vol.34 (9), p.n/a</ispartof><rights>2020. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3065-68d07c984dbb6f8c3d620430f9ac4273456684116f856518e44a93f8bd0836543</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3065-68d07c984dbb6f8c3d620430f9ac4273456684116f856518e44a93f8bd0836543</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9980-4599 ; 0000-0002-0295-9675</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2020GB006541$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2020GB006541$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,1428,11495,27905,27906,45555,45556,46390,46449,46814,46873</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Si‐Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibarra, Daniel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Hu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Cong‐Qiang</creatorcontrib><title>Solute Production and Transport Processes in Chinese Monsoonal Rivers: Implications for Global Climate Change</title><title>Global biogeochemical cycles</title><description>The negative feedback between chemical weathering and climate is hypothesized to act as an important control on modulating atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales, affecting the evolution of Earth's climate over the history of Earth. Here, we investigated solute production processes by analyzing concentration‐discharge, denoted here as concentration‐runoff (C‐q), relationships of Chinese monsoonal rivers, through both the empirical power law relationship and a recently developed Solute Production Model. We found that solute concentrations were highly modulated by hydrologic conditions which shifted the Damköhler number, Da, the ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average Da of each catchment. Rivers with high average Da induced high maximum weathering fluxes, while the maximum weathering potential was primarily controlled by the Damköhler coefficient (Dw, m/yr), the reactivity of the material in the weathering zone over a given length scale, among the catchments in this study. Globally, HCO3− behaviors and weathering characteristics are highly influenced by carbonate bedrock distributions and abundance. In addition, Chinese monsoonal rivers have higher weathering fluxes, weathering potential, and climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity (4.4%/°C) than most other global rivers. Our work disclosed the mechanisms that link runoff, lithology, and weathering fluxes in monsoonal rivers and analyzed the controlling factors on solute dynamics on global scale, which can be implemented in exploring the chemical weathering processes under ongoing global climate change. Plain Language Summary Continental weathering controls many aspects of the surface‐Earth system, including imposing negative feedback on long‐term carbon cycle. In this study, empirical power law relationship and process‐based Solute Production Model (SPM) were used to disclose solute production and transport processes based on temporal sampling and analyses from Chinese monsoonal rivers. We found that high dissolution rates and high reactive surface areas led to solute concentrations that were relatively invariant with changing runoff. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium of each catchment. Globally, the areal proportion of carbonate controls the HCO3− dynamics and weathering potential. The climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity is 4.4%/°C for Chinese rivers, which is much stronger than the global average sensitivity of 3.6%/°C, based on the SPM. In this work we demonstrated that the solute transport fluxes of Chinese monsoonal rivers will be more sensitive to hydrologic variabilities than most other global rivers under ongoing anthropogenic global climate change. Our conclusions highlighted chemical weathering processes under various hydrologic conditions and illustrated how chemical concentration patterns and weathering fluxes may change under global climate change in rivers worldwide. Key Points Solute concentrations are controlled significantly by the fluid transit time and reactivity Globally, carbonate weathering plays a controlling role in HCO3− spatial distributions and temporal dynamics Climate‐weathering feedback is strong in Chinese rivers, because of the near‐thermodynamic limit of HCO3−</description><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Bedrock</subject><subject>Carbon cycle</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations</subject><subject>carbonate weathering</subject><subject>Carbonates</subject><subject>Catchment area</subject><subject>Catchments</subject><subject>Chemical weathering</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climatic evolution</subject><subject>concentration‐discharge relationships</subject><subject>Damköhler number</subject><subject>Dynamics</subject><subject>Earth</subject><subject>Earth surface</subject><subject>Empirical analysis</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>Global climate</subject><subject>global climate change</subject><subject>Human influences</subject><subject>Hydrologic processes</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Lithology</subject><subject>monsoonal rivers</subject><subject>Negative feedback</subject><subject>Power law</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Runoff</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>solute production model</subject><subject>Solute transport</subject><subject>Solutes</subject><subject>Suspended particulate matter</subject><subject>Transit time</subject><subject>Transport</subject><subject>Transport processes</subject><subject>Weathering</subject><subject>Weathering zone</subject><issn>0886-6236</issn><issn>1944-9224</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kM1OwzAQhC0EEqVw4wEscSXgv7gON4ggVCoCQTlHjuPQVKkdvAmob4-rcuDEaaWZT6PZQeickitKWHbNCCPFHSEyFfQATWgmRJIxJg7RhCglE8m4PEYnAGtCqEjTbII2b74bB4tfgq9HM7TeYe1qvAzaQe_DsDOMBbCAW4fzVessWPzkHXjvdIdf2y8b4AbPN33XGr0LANz4gIvOV9HPu3ajY36-0u7DnqKjRndgz37vFL0_3C_zx2TxXMzz20VieCyfSFWTmcmUqKtKNsrwWjIiOGkybQSbcZFKqQSl0UtlSpUVQme8UVVNFI_P8ym62Of2wX-OFoZy7ccQ-0LJhJBxJjmTkbrcUyZ4gGCbsg-xbdiWlJS7Qcu_g0ac7fHvtrPbf9myuMtZVFP-A2nndZQ</recordid><startdate>202009</startdate><enddate>202009</enddate><creator>Zhong, Jun</creator><creator>Li, Si‐Liang</creator><creator>Ibarra, Daniel E.</creator><creator>Ding, Hu</creator><creator>Liu, Cong‐Qiang</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-4599</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0295-9675</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202009</creationdate><title>Solute Production and Transport Processes in Chinese Monsoonal Rivers: Implications for Global Climate Change</title><author>Zhong, Jun ; Li, Si‐Liang ; Ibarra, Daniel E. ; Ding, Hu ; Liu, Cong‐Qiang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3065-68d07c984dbb6f8c3d620430f9ac4273456684116f856518e44a93f8bd0836543</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Bedrock</topic><topic>Carbon cycle</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations</topic><topic>carbonate weathering</topic><topic>Carbonates</topic><topic>Catchment area</topic><topic>Catchments</topic><topic>Chemical weathering</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climatic evolution</topic><topic>concentration‐discharge relationships</topic><topic>Damköhler number</topic><topic>Dynamics</topic><topic>Earth</topic><topic>Earth surface</topic><topic>Empirical analysis</topic><topic>Feedback</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>Global climate</topic><topic>global climate change</topic><topic>Human influences</topic><topic>Hydrologic processes</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Lithology</topic><topic>monsoonal rivers</topic><topic>Negative feedback</topic><topic>Power law</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Runoff</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>solute production model</topic><topic>Solute transport</topic><topic>Solutes</topic><topic>Suspended particulate matter</topic><topic>Transit time</topic><topic>Transport</topic><topic>Transport processes</topic><topic>Weathering</topic><topic>Weathering zone</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhong, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Si‐Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ibarra, Daniel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Hu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Cong‐Qiang</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy &amp; Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Global biogeochemical cycles</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhong, Jun</au><au>Li, Si‐Liang</au><au>Ibarra, Daniel E.</au><au>Ding, Hu</au><au>Liu, Cong‐Qiang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Solute Production and Transport Processes in Chinese Monsoonal Rivers: Implications for Global Climate Change</atitle><jtitle>Global biogeochemical cycles</jtitle><date>2020-09</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>9</issue><epage>n/a</epage><issn>0886-6236</issn><eissn>1944-9224</eissn><abstract>The negative feedback between chemical weathering and climate is hypothesized to act as an important control on modulating atmospheric CO2 over geologic timescales, affecting the evolution of Earth's climate over the history of Earth. Here, we investigated solute production processes by analyzing concentration‐discharge, denoted here as concentration‐runoff (C‐q), relationships of Chinese monsoonal rivers, through both the empirical power law relationship and a recently developed Solute Production Model. We found that solute concentrations were highly modulated by hydrologic conditions which shifted the Damköhler number, Da, the ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average Da of each catchment. Rivers with high average Da induced high maximum weathering fluxes, while the maximum weathering potential was primarily controlled by the Damköhler coefficient (Dw, m/yr), the reactivity of the material in the weathering zone over a given length scale, among the catchments in this study. Globally, HCO3− behaviors and weathering characteristics are highly influenced by carbonate bedrock distributions and abundance. In addition, Chinese monsoonal rivers have higher weathering fluxes, weathering potential, and climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity (4.4%/°C) than most other global rivers. Our work disclosed the mechanisms that link runoff, lithology, and weathering fluxes in monsoonal rivers and analyzed the controlling factors on solute dynamics on global scale, which can be implemented in exploring the chemical weathering processes under ongoing global climate change. Plain Language Summary Continental weathering controls many aspects of the surface‐Earth system, including imposing negative feedback on long‐term carbon cycle. In this study, empirical power law relationship and process‐based Solute Production Model (SPM) were used to disclose solute production and transport processes based on temporal sampling and analyses from Chinese monsoonal rivers. We found that high dissolution rates and high reactive surface areas led to solute concentrations that were relatively invariant with changing runoff. Additionally, the among‐catchment behavior of HCO3− responding to changing runoff was correlated with the average ratio of fluid transit time versus the time required to reach equilibrium of each catchment. Globally, the areal proportion of carbonate controls the HCO3− dynamics and weathering potential. The climate‐weathering feedback sensitivity is 4.4%/°C for Chinese rivers, which is much stronger than the global average sensitivity of 3.6%/°C, based on the SPM. In this work we demonstrated that the solute transport fluxes of Chinese monsoonal rivers will be more sensitive to hydrologic variabilities than most other global rivers under ongoing anthropogenic global climate change. Our conclusions highlighted chemical weathering processes under various hydrologic conditions and illustrated how chemical concentration patterns and weathering fluxes may change under global climate change in rivers worldwide. Key Points Solute concentrations are controlled significantly by the fluid transit time and reactivity Globally, carbonate weathering plays a controlling role in HCO3− spatial distributions and temporal dynamics Climate‐weathering feedback is strong in Chinese rivers, because of the near‐thermodynamic limit of HCO3−</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1029/2020GB006541</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9980-4599</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0295-9675</orcidid></addata></record>
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source Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Wiley Free Content; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library
subjects Anthropogenic factors
Bedrock
Carbon cycle
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations
carbonate weathering
Carbonates
Catchment area
Catchments
Chemical weathering
Climate change
Climatic evolution
concentration‐discharge relationships
Damköhler number
Dynamics
Earth
Earth surface
Empirical analysis
Feedback
Fluxes
Global climate
global climate change
Human influences
Hydrologic processes
Hydrology
Lithology
monsoonal rivers
Negative feedback
Power law
Rivers
Runoff
Sensitivity
solute production model
Solute transport
Solutes
Suspended particulate matter
Transit time
Transport
Transport processes
Weathering
Weathering zone
title Solute Production and Transport Processes in Chinese Monsoonal Rivers: Implications for Global Climate Change
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