The impacts of the trade liberalization of environmental goods on power system and CO2 emissions
The trade liberalization of Environmental Goods (EG), through as Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA), is crucial in low carbon electricity technology diffusion. However, there is a big gap of the EG definition lists and the integrated effectiveness analysis of EGA. This paper analyses the effects of...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Energy policy 2020-05, Vol.140, p.111173, Article 111173 |
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creator | Hu, Xiurong Pollitt, Hector Pirie, Jamie Mercure, Jean-Francois Liu, Junfeng Meng, Jing Tao, Shu |
description | The trade liberalization of Environmental Goods (EG), through as Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA), is crucial in low carbon electricity technology diffusion. However, there is a big gap of the EG definition lists and the integrated effectiveness analysis of EGA. This paper analyses the effects of the trade liberalization of EG based on macroeconomic and electricity sector models and attempts to find a more efficient EG trade policy by comparing different EG lists, considering end-use control and combining the EG policy with a carbon tax. The results show that the trade liberalization of EG does not necessarily benefit the environment without other policies, as the effects of the multiple end-uses of EG on conventional energy might result in environmental damage. We find that merging an EGA into a global carbon tax system would enhance the effects of carbon tax on CO2 reduction by 33%, and simultaneously lower the GDP loss due to the carbon tax by 75%. The economic benefits from the EGA could offset the costs of other environmental policies. Thus, end-use control and other environmental policies should be considered at both the global and regional levels in the setting of international trade agreements that target EG.
•Free trade agreement of Environmental Goods (EGA) has trivial benefits to environment.•Merging EGA into a carbon tax system would enhance CO2 reduction with GDP loss.•End-use control should be considered at both global and regional levels in EGA. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111173 |
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•Free trade agreement of Environmental Goods (EGA) has trivial benefits to environment.•Merging EGA into a carbon tax system would enhance CO2 reduction with GDP loss.•End-use control should be considered at both global and regional levels in EGA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-4215</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6777</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111173</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Carbon tax ; Diffusion ; E3ME model ; Electric industries ; Electric power systems ; Electricity ; Emissions trading ; Energy policy ; Energy technology ; Environmental degradation ; Environmental goods agreement ; Environmental policy ; Environmental tax ; Free trade ; International trade ; Macroeconomics ; Policies ; Taxation ; Technology ; Trade agreements ; Trade liberalization ; Trade liberalization of environmental goods ; Trade policy</subject><ispartof>Energy policy, 2020-05, Vol.140, p.111173, Article 111173</ispartof><rights>2019</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. May 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-9be36c78f2b49e70b0ef93877469f28a6f1cd612051ff47c3115d5e7c8e08f863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-9be36c78f2b49e70b0ef93877469f28a6f1cd612051ff47c3115d5e7c8e08f863</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111173$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27866,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiurong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollitt, Hector</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirie, Jamie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercure, Jean-Francois</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Shu</creatorcontrib><title>The impacts of the trade liberalization of environmental goods on power system and CO2 emissions</title><title>Energy policy</title><description>The trade liberalization of Environmental Goods (EG), through as Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA), is crucial in low carbon electricity technology diffusion. However, there is a big gap of the EG definition lists and the integrated effectiveness analysis of EGA. This paper analyses the effects of the trade liberalization of EG based on macroeconomic and electricity sector models and attempts to find a more efficient EG trade policy by comparing different EG lists, considering end-use control and combining the EG policy with a carbon tax. The results show that the trade liberalization of EG does not necessarily benefit the environment without other policies, as the effects of the multiple end-uses of EG on conventional energy might result in environmental damage. We find that merging an EGA into a global carbon tax system would enhance the effects of carbon tax on CO2 reduction by 33%, and simultaneously lower the GDP loss due to the carbon tax by 75%. The economic benefits from the EGA could offset the costs of other environmental policies. Thus, end-use control and other environmental policies should be considered at both the global and regional levels in the setting of international trade agreements that target EG.
•Free trade agreement of Environmental Goods (EGA) has trivial benefits to environment.•Merging EGA into a carbon tax system would enhance CO2 reduction with GDP loss.•End-use control should be considered at both global and regional levels in EGA.</description><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Carbon tax</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>E3ME model</subject><subject>Electric industries</subject><subject>Electric power systems</subject><subject>Electricity</subject><subject>Emissions trading</subject><subject>Energy policy</subject><subject>Energy technology</subject><subject>Environmental degradation</subject><subject>Environmental goods agreement</subject><subject>Environmental policy</subject><subject>Environmental tax</subject><subject>Free trade</subject><subject>International trade</subject><subject>Macroeconomics</subject><subject>Policies</subject><subject>Taxation</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Trade agreements</subject><subject>Trade liberalization</subject><subject>Trade liberalization of environmental goods</subject><subject>Trade policy</subject><issn>0301-4215</issn><issn>1873-6777</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1PwzAMQCMEEmPwC7hE4tyRNFnSHjigiS9p0i7jHLLUgUxtUpJsaPx6OsoZXyzLfrb8ELqmZEYJFbfbGfg-tLOS0HpGh5DsBE1oJVkhpJSnaEIYoQUv6fwcXaS0JYTwquYT9Lb-AOy6XpuccLA4D2WOugHcug1E3bpvnV3wxx74vYvBd-CzbvF7CM2AeNyHL4g4HVKGDmvf4MWqxNC5lAYuXaIzq9sEV395il4fH9aL52K5enpZ3C8Lw6TIRb0BJoysbLnhNUiyIWBrVknJRW3LSgtLTSNoSebUWi4No3TezEGaCkhlK8Gm6Gbc28fwuYOU1Tbsoh9OqpJzLiQVlA9TbJwyMaQUwao-uk7Hg6JEHVWqrfpVqY4q1ahyoO5GCoYH9g6iSsaBN9C4CCarJrh_-R868n3Y</recordid><startdate>202005</startdate><enddate>202005</enddate><creator>Hu, Xiurong</creator><creator>Pollitt, Hector</creator><creator>Pirie, Jamie</creator><creator>Mercure, Jean-Francois</creator><creator>Liu, Junfeng</creator><creator>Meng, Jing</creator><creator>Tao, Shu</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202005</creationdate><title>The impacts of the trade liberalization of environmental goods on power system and CO2 emissions</title><author>Hu, Xiurong ; Pollitt, Hector ; Pirie, Jamie ; Mercure, Jean-Francois ; Liu, Junfeng ; Meng, Jing ; Tao, Shu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-9be36c78f2b49e70b0ef93877469f28a6f1cd612051ff47c3115d5e7c8e08f863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide emissions</topic><topic>Carbon tax</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>E3ME model</topic><topic>Electric industries</topic><topic>Electric power systems</topic><topic>Electricity</topic><topic>Emissions trading</topic><topic>Energy policy</topic><topic>Energy technology</topic><topic>Environmental degradation</topic><topic>Environmental goods agreement</topic><topic>Environmental policy</topic><topic>Environmental tax</topic><topic>Free trade</topic><topic>International trade</topic><topic>Macroeconomics</topic><topic>Policies</topic><topic>Taxation</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Trade agreements</topic><topic>Trade liberalization</topic><topic>Trade liberalization of environmental goods</topic><topic>Trade policy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Xiurong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pollitt, Hector</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirie, Jamie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mercure, Jean-Francois</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junfeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tao, Shu</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>PAIS Index</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>PAIS International</collection><collection>PAIS International (Ovid)</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Energy policy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Xiurong</au><au>Pollitt, Hector</au><au>Pirie, Jamie</au><au>Mercure, Jean-Francois</au><au>Liu, Junfeng</au><au>Meng, Jing</au><au>Tao, Shu</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impacts of the trade liberalization of environmental goods on power system and CO2 emissions</atitle><jtitle>Energy policy</jtitle><date>2020-05</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>140</volume><spage>111173</spage><pages>111173-</pages><artnum>111173</artnum><issn>0301-4215</issn><eissn>1873-6777</eissn><abstract>The trade liberalization of Environmental Goods (EG), through as Environmental Goods Agreement (EGA), is crucial in low carbon electricity technology diffusion. However, there is a big gap of the EG definition lists and the integrated effectiveness analysis of EGA. This paper analyses the effects of the trade liberalization of EG based on macroeconomic and electricity sector models and attempts to find a more efficient EG trade policy by comparing different EG lists, considering end-use control and combining the EG policy with a carbon tax. The results show that the trade liberalization of EG does not necessarily benefit the environment without other policies, as the effects of the multiple end-uses of EG on conventional energy might result in environmental damage. We find that merging an EGA into a global carbon tax system would enhance the effects of carbon tax on CO2 reduction by 33%, and simultaneously lower the GDP loss due to the carbon tax by 75%. The economic benefits from the EGA could offset the costs of other environmental policies. Thus, end-use control and other environmental policies should be considered at both the global and regional levels in the setting of international trade agreements that target EG.
•Free trade agreement of Environmental Goods (EGA) has trivial benefits to environment.•Merging EGA into a carbon tax system would enhance CO2 reduction with GDP loss.•End-use control should be considered at both global and regional levels in EGA.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.enpol.2019.111173</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon tax Diffusion E3ME model Electric industries Electric power systems Electricity Emissions trading Energy policy Energy technology Environmental degradation Environmental goods agreement Environmental policy Environmental tax Free trade International trade Macroeconomics Policies Taxation Technology Trade agreements Trade liberalization Trade liberalization of environmental goods Trade policy |
title | The impacts of the trade liberalization of environmental goods on power system and CO2 emissions |
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