Hepatic, renal, and pancreatic damage associated with chronic exposure to oral and inhaled 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d): an environmental exposure model in rats
2,4-Diclophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effect of chronic exposure to oral and inhaled 2,4-D herbicide on the liver, kidney, and pancreas by simulating environmental exposure. Eighty male alb...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Comparative clinical pathology 2020-10, Vol.29 (5), p.1001-1010 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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Zusammenfassung: | 2,4-Diclophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible toxic effect of chronic exposure to oral and inhaled 2,4-D herbicide on the liver, kidney, and pancreas by simulating environmental exposure. Eighty male albino adult Wistar rats divided into eight groups were exposed for 6 months to inhaled and oral (contaminated feed) three different doses of 2,4-D [3.71 × 10
−3
g of active ingredient per hectare (g a.i./ha), 6.19 × 10
−3
g a.i./ha and 9.28 × 10
−3
g a.i./ha]. Blood, liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreas samples were collected for analysis. There was a difference in ALT (alanine aminotransferase) levels between groups exposed to 2,4-D. The groups exposed to oral 2,4-D had a higher incidence of steatosis, and exposed to high doses had increased liver inflammation. All animals in the groups exposed to high 2,4-D concentrations showed renal tubular hydropic degeneration. Atrophy of Langerhans islets was observed in animals exposed to 2,4-D. The simulation of chronic environmental exposure to the 2,4-D herbicide resulted in hepatic changes that were both dose-dependent and exposure-dependent and renal and pancreatic changes that were dose-dependent. |
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ISSN: | 1618-5641 1618-565X |
DOI: | 10.1007/s00580-020-03150-8 |