Densification, mechanical, and tribological properties of ZrB2‐ZrCx composites produced by reactive hot pressing
ZrB2‐ZrCx composites were produced using Zr:B4C powder mixtures in the molar ratios of 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, and 5:1 by reactive hot pressing (RHP) at 4‐7 MPa, 1200°C for 60 minutes. X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the formation of nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrCx) with different lattice pa...
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| creator | Kannan, Rajaguru Rangaraj, Lingappa |
| description | ZrB2‐ZrCx composites were produced using Zr:B4C powder mixtures in the molar ratios of 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, and 5:1 by reactive hot pressing (RHP) at 4‐7 MPa, 1200°C for 60 minutes. X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the formation of nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrCx) with different lattice parameters and enhanced carbide formation by increasing the Zr mole fraction. An increase in applied pressure from 4 to 7 MPa was responsible for the improved relative density (RD) of 4Zr:B4C composition from 86% to 99%. Microstructural studies on Zr‐rich composites showed a reduction in unreacted B4C particles and enriched elongated ZrB2 platelets. Reaction and densification mechanism in 4Zr:B4C composition were studied as a function of temperature increased from 600 to 1200°C at an applied constant pressure of 7 MPa. After 1000°C, |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jace.17338 |
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X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the formation of nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrCx) with different lattice parameters and enhanced carbide formation by increasing the Zr mole fraction. An increase in applied pressure from 4 to 7 MPa was responsible for the improved relative density (RD) of 4Zr:B4C composition from 86% to 99%. Microstructural studies on Zr‐rich composites showed a reduction in unreacted B4C particles and enriched elongated ZrB2 platelets. Reaction and densification mechanism in 4Zr:B4C composition were studied as a function of temperature increased from 600 to 1200°C at an applied constant pressure of 7 MPa. After 1000°C, <40 vol.% of unreacted Zr was observed during the densification process. Concurrently, low energies of carbon diffusion and carbon vacancy formation were found to enhance nonstoichiometric ZrCx formation, which was found to be responsible for the completion of the reaction. The plastic deformation of unreacted Zr was responsible for the densification of the ZrB2‐ZrCx composite. The results clearly showed that the applied pressure is five times lower than the reported values. Moreover, a temperature of 1200°C was sufficient to produce dense ZrB2‐ZrCx composites. The improved microhardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and specific wear rate were 8.2‐15 GPa, 265‐590 MPa, 2.82‐6.33 MPa.m1/2, and 1.43‐0.376 × 10−2 mm2/N, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-7820</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1551-2916</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jace.17338</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Columbus: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>borides ; Boron carbide ; carbides ; Carbon ; Composite materials ; Composition ; Densification ; Flexural strength ; Fracture toughness ; Hot pressing ; Lattice parameters ; Lattice vacancies ; Microhardness ; Plastic deformation ; Platelets ; Refractory materials ; Tribology ; ultra‐high temperature ceramics ; Wear rate ; Zirconium carbide ; Zirconium compounds ; zirconium/zirconium compounds</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2020-11, Vol.103 (11), p.6120-6135</ispartof><rights>2020 The American Ceramic Society</rights><rights>2020 American Ceramic Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0002-6045-9126 ; 0000-0003-4596-3129</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjace.17338$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjace.17338$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kannan, Rajaguru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rangaraj, Lingappa</creatorcontrib><title>Densification, mechanical, and tribological properties of ZrB2‐ZrCx composites produced by reactive hot pressing</title><title>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</title><description>ZrB2‐ZrCx composites were produced using Zr:B4C powder mixtures in the molar ratios of 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, and 5:1 by reactive hot pressing (RHP) at 4‐7 MPa, 1200°C for 60 minutes. X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the formation of nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrCx) with different lattice parameters and enhanced carbide formation by increasing the Zr mole fraction. An increase in applied pressure from 4 to 7 MPa was responsible for the improved relative density (RD) of 4Zr:B4C composition from 86% to 99%. Microstructural studies on Zr‐rich composites showed a reduction in unreacted B4C particles and enriched elongated ZrB2 platelets. Reaction and densification mechanism in 4Zr:B4C composition were studied as a function of temperature increased from 600 to 1200°C at an applied constant pressure of 7 MPa. After 1000°C, <40 vol.% of unreacted Zr was observed during the densification process. Concurrently, low energies of carbon diffusion and carbon vacancy formation were found to enhance nonstoichiometric ZrCx formation, which was found to be responsible for the completion of the reaction. The plastic deformation of unreacted Zr was responsible for the densification of the ZrB2‐ZrCx composite. The results clearly showed that the applied pressure is five times lower than the reported values. Moreover, a temperature of 1200°C was sufficient to produce dense ZrB2‐ZrCx composites. The improved microhardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and specific wear rate were 8.2‐15 GPa, 265‐590 MPa, 2.82‐6.33 MPa.m1/2, and 1.43‐0.376 × 10−2 mm2/N, respectively.</description><subject>borides</subject><subject>Boron carbide</subject><subject>carbides</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>Densification</subject><subject>Flexural strength</subject><subject>Fracture toughness</subject><subject>Hot pressing</subject><subject>Lattice parameters</subject><subject>Lattice vacancies</subject><subject>Microhardness</subject><subject>Plastic deformation</subject><subject>Platelets</subject><subject>Refractory materials</subject><subject>Tribology</subject><subject>ultra‐high temperature ceramics</subject><subject>Wear rate</subject><subject>Zirconium carbide</subject><subject>Zirconium compounds</subject><subject>zirconium/zirconium compounds</subject><issn>0002-7820</issn><issn>1551-2916</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNotUMtOwzAQtBBIlMKFL7DEtSm7iZMmxxLKS5W4wKWXyK-0rtI42CnQG5_AN_IluJS97M7OaB9DyCXCGENcr7nUY5wkSX5EBpimGMUFZsdkAABxNMljOCVn3q8DxCJnA-JudetNbSTvjW1HdKPlircBNiPKW0V7Z4Rt7HLfoZ2znXa90Z7ami7cTfzz9b1w5SeVdtNZb_rABJHaSq2o2FGnuezNu6Yr2wdCe2_a5Tk5qXnj9cV_HpLXu9lL-RDNn-8fy-k86pBBHuUpigwYCsAkyyArJrHQTIKqBeNQAAiJuUSGSikQAnghVIIKVHgsV1IkQ3J1mBsuettq31dru3VtWFnFjGGRMUwhqPCg-jCN3lWdMxvudhVCtTe02hta_RlaPU3L2V-V_AKrFG1Q</recordid><startdate>202011</startdate><enddate>202011</enddate><creator>Kannan, Rajaguru</creator><creator>Rangaraj, Lingappa</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-9126</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-3129</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202011</creationdate><title>Densification, mechanical, and tribological properties of ZrB2‐ZrCx composites produced by reactive hot pressing</title><author>Kannan, Rajaguru ; Rangaraj, Lingappa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p1408-851b6041b0136606972be4c0dfb4a0900bc18c141ddd0bb0a9bd31d0d1988dcb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>borides</topic><topic>Boron carbide</topic><topic>carbides</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Composite materials</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>Densification</topic><topic>Flexural strength</topic><topic>Fracture toughness</topic><topic>Hot pressing</topic><topic>Lattice parameters</topic><topic>Lattice vacancies</topic><topic>Microhardness</topic><topic>Plastic deformation</topic><topic>Platelets</topic><topic>Refractory materials</topic><topic>Tribology</topic><topic>ultra‐high temperature ceramics</topic><topic>Wear rate</topic><topic>Zirconium carbide</topic><topic>Zirconium compounds</topic><topic>zirconium/zirconium compounds</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kannan, Rajaguru</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rangaraj, Lingappa</creatorcontrib><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kannan, Rajaguru</au><au>Rangaraj, Lingappa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Densification, mechanical, and tribological properties of ZrB2‐ZrCx composites produced by reactive hot pressing</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</jtitle><date>2020-11</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>103</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>6120</spage><epage>6135</epage><pages>6120-6135</pages><issn>0002-7820</issn><eissn>1551-2916</eissn><abstract>ZrB2‐ZrCx composites were produced using Zr:B4C powder mixtures in the molar ratios of 3:1, 3.5:1, 4:1, and 5:1 by reactive hot pressing (RHP) at 4‐7 MPa, 1200°C for 60 minutes. X‐ray diffraction analyses confirmed the formation of nonstoichiometric zirconium carbide (ZrCx) with different lattice parameters and enhanced carbide formation by increasing the Zr mole fraction. An increase in applied pressure from 4 to 7 MPa was responsible for the improved relative density (RD) of 4Zr:B4C composition from 86% to 99%. Microstructural studies on Zr‐rich composites showed a reduction in unreacted B4C particles and enriched elongated ZrB2 platelets. Reaction and densification mechanism in 4Zr:B4C composition were studied as a function of temperature increased from 600 to 1200°C at an applied constant pressure of 7 MPa. After 1000°C, <40 vol.% of unreacted Zr was observed during the densification process. Concurrently, low energies of carbon diffusion and carbon vacancy formation were found to enhance nonstoichiometric ZrCx formation, which was found to be responsible for the completion of the reaction. The plastic deformation of unreacted Zr was responsible for the densification of the ZrB2‐ZrCx composite. The results clearly showed that the applied pressure is five times lower than the reported values. Moreover, a temperature of 1200°C was sufficient to produce dense ZrB2‐ZrCx composites. The improved microhardness, flexural strength, fracture toughness, and specific wear rate were 8.2‐15 GPa, 265‐590 MPa, 2.82‐6.33 MPa.m1/2, and 1.43‐0.376 × 10−2 mm2/N, respectively.</abstract><cop>Columbus</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><doi>10.1111/jace.17338</doi><tpages>16</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6045-9126</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4596-3129</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | borides Boron carbide carbides Carbon Composite materials Composition Densification Flexural strength Fracture toughness Hot pressing Lattice parameters Lattice vacancies Microhardness Plastic deformation Platelets Refractory materials Tribology ultra‐high temperature ceramics Wear rate Zirconium carbide Zirconium compounds zirconium/zirconium compounds |
| title | Densification, mechanical, and tribological properties of ZrB2‐ZrCx composites produced by reactive hot pressing |
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