Biomimetic adhesives: a review of recent developments

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of recent progress into the development of biomimetic adhesives, particularly those that mimic the attachment mechanism of the gecko lizard's foot.Design methodology approach - This paper first discusses the discovery of the gecko's adhesion mechanism. It then describes key "gecko glue" developments and summarises the properties of experimental adhesives that exploit this effect. It concludes with a consideration of anticipated applications.Findings - This paper shows that, following the discovery of the gecko's adhesion mechanism in 2002, which is based on van der Waals forces, biomimetic adhesives have become the topic of a major research effort. These developments are poised to yield families of novel adhesive materials with superior properties which are likely to find uses in industries ranging from defence and nanotechnology to healthcare and sport.Originality value - The paper provides a unique insight into the latest developments in biomimetic adhesive technology.