Mechanism of Microstructural Change of High-Density Polyethylene Under Different Outdoor Climates in China
This work aims to understand the microstructural change mechanism of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed at five national standard natural exposure stations (at Qionghai, Ruoqiang, Lhasa, Qingdao, and Hailar) for four years, which represented the five typical climates over China. It was found t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of polymers and the environment 2020-10, Vol.28 (10), p.2616-2630 |
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| creator | Tao, Xinyu Xiong, Jian Liao, Xia Zhu, Jingjun An, Zhu Yang, Qi Huang, Yajiang Li, Guangxian |
| description | This work aims to understand the microstructural change mechanism of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed at five national standard natural exposure stations (at Qionghai, Ruoqiang, Lhasa, Qingdao, and Hailar) for four years, which represented the five typical climates over China. It was found that the natural weathering of HDPE was the synergistic result of multi-factors such as temperature, irradiation, oxygen, etc. Based on the carbonyl index, the degradation degree in decreasing order was Ruoqiang, Qionghai, Lhasa, Qingdao and Hailar, but the microstructural change mechanism of HDPE was similar. The molecular structure was modified and mass molecular defects formed such as carbonyl and hydrogen groups during the degradation. The new freed molecular chains released from the amorphous region self-nucleated, and then formed new imperfect crystals because of the suppression of molecular defects. With the deposition of molecular defects, the chemi-crystallization ceased. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicated the free volume hole shrank continually with exposure time mainly due to the interaction between molecular defects, and a part of amorphous region transformed into crystalline region by chemi-crystallization. In addition, the crystallization and re-melting behavior of degraded HDPE samples had been investigated in order to promote the recycling of waste degraded polymer materials. The results indicated that the crystalline temperature and the second melting temperature decreased with exposure time. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10924-020-01807-7 |
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It was found that the natural weathering of HDPE was the synergistic result of multi-factors such as temperature, irradiation, oxygen, etc. Based on the carbonyl index, the degradation degree in decreasing order was Ruoqiang, Qionghai, Lhasa, Qingdao and Hailar, but the microstructural change mechanism of HDPE was similar. The molecular structure was modified and mass molecular defects formed such as carbonyl and hydrogen groups during the degradation. The new freed molecular chains released from the amorphous region self-nucleated, and then formed new imperfect crystals because of the suppression of molecular defects. With the deposition of molecular defects, the chemi-crystallization ceased. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicated the free volume hole shrank continually with exposure time mainly due to the interaction between molecular defects, and a part of amorphous region transformed into crystalline region by chemi-crystallization. In addition, the crystallization and re-melting behavior of degraded HDPE samples had been investigated in order to promote the recycling of waste degraded polymer materials. The results indicated that the crystalline temperature and the second melting temperature decreased with exposure time.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1566-2543</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1572-8919</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01807-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Carbonyl compounds ; Carbonyls ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Crystal defects ; Crystal structure ; Crystallinity ; Crystallization ; Crystals ; Defects ; Degradation ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology ; Exposure ; High density polyethylenes ; Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering ; Irradiation ; Materials Science ; Melt temperature ; Melting ; Molecular chains ; Molecular structure ; Original Paper ; Polyethylene ; Polymer Sciences ; Polymers ; Positron annihilation ; Radiation ; Spectroscopy ; Waste recycling</subject><ispartof>Journal of polymers and the environment, 2020-10, Vol.28 (10), p.2616-2630</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-d4771e632a1ebe0d92bb07fac2d33e5ef0fc0a61d6063d1fb4d844185d4a6eb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-d4771e632a1ebe0d92bb07fac2d33e5ef0fc0a61d6063d1fb4d844185d4a6eb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10924-020-01807-7$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10924-020-01807-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tao, Xinyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liao, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jingjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Zhu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yajiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Guangxian</creatorcontrib><title>Mechanism of Microstructural Change of High-Density Polyethylene Under Different Outdoor Climates in China</title><title>Journal of polymers and the environment</title><addtitle>J Polym Environ</addtitle><description>This work aims to understand the microstructural change mechanism of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed at five national standard natural exposure stations (at Qionghai, Ruoqiang, Lhasa, Qingdao, and Hailar) for four years, which represented the five typical climates over China. It was found that the natural weathering of HDPE was the synergistic result of multi-factors such as temperature, irradiation, oxygen, etc. Based on the carbonyl index, the degradation degree in decreasing order was Ruoqiang, Qionghai, Lhasa, Qingdao and Hailar, but the microstructural change mechanism of HDPE was similar. The molecular structure was modified and mass molecular defects formed such as carbonyl and hydrogen groups during the degradation. The new freed molecular chains released from the amorphous region self-nucleated, and then formed new imperfect crystals because of the suppression of molecular defects. With the deposition of molecular defects, the chemi-crystallization ceased. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicated the free volume hole shrank continually with exposure time mainly due to the interaction between molecular defects, and a part of amorphous region transformed into crystalline region by chemi-crystallization. In addition, the crystallization and re-melting behavior of degraded HDPE samples had been investigated in order to promote the recycling of waste degraded polymer materials. The results indicated that the crystalline temperature and the second melting temperature decreased with exposure time.</description><subject>Carbonyl compounds</subject><subject>Carbonyls</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>Crystal defects</subject><subject>Crystal structure</subject><subject>Crystallinity</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Defects</subject><subject>Degradation</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>High density polyethylenes</subject><subject>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Melt temperature</subject><subject>Melting</subject><subject>Molecular chains</subject><subject>Molecular structure</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Polyethylene</subject><subject>Polymer Sciences</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Positron annihilation</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Spectroscopy</subject><subject>Waste recycling</subject><issn>1566-2543</issn><issn>1572-8919</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMtOwzAQRSMEEs8fYGWJtWH8iN0sUctLalUWZW058bhNFZJiO4v-PS5FYsdqRpp778ycorhlcM8A9ENkUHFJgQMFNgFN9UlxwUrN6aRi1emhV4ryUorz4jLGLQBU2XhRbBfYbGzfxk8yeLJomzDEFMYmjcF2ZJpHazxMXtv1hs6wj23ak_eh22Pa7DvskXz0DgOZtd5jwD6R5ZjcMAQy7dpPmzCSts85bW-vizNvu4g3v_WqWD0_raavdL58eZs-zmkjSpWok1ozVIJbhjWCq3hdg_a24U4ILNGDb8Aq5hQo4ZivpZtIySalk1ZhLa6Ku2PsLgxfI8ZktsMY-rzRcCm0khKAZxU_qg4Px4De7EK-N-wNA3NAao5ITUZqfpAanU3iaIpZnMGEv-h_XN8QVXq7</recordid><startdate>20201001</startdate><enddate>20201001</enddate><creator>Tao, Xinyu</creator><creator>Xiong, Jian</creator><creator>Liao, Xia</creator><creator>Zhu, Jingjun</creator><creator>An, Zhu</creator><creator>Yang, Qi</creator><creator>Huang, Yajiang</creator><creator>Li, Guangxian</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20201001</creationdate><title>Mechanism of Microstructural Change of High-Density Polyethylene Under Different Outdoor Climates in China</title><author>Tao, Xinyu ; Xiong, Jian ; Liao, Xia ; Zhu, Jingjun ; An, Zhu ; Yang, Qi ; Huang, Yajiang ; Li, Guangxian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-d4771e632a1ebe0d92bb07fac2d33e5ef0fc0a61d6063d1fb4d844185d4a6eb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Carbonyl compounds</topic><topic>Carbonyls</topic><topic>Chemistry</topic><topic>Chemistry and Materials Science</topic><topic>Crystal defects</topic><topic>Crystal structure</topic><topic>Crystallinity</topic><topic>Crystallization</topic><topic>Crystals</topic><topic>Defects</topic><topic>Degradation</topic><topic>Environmental Chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>High density polyethylenes</topic><topic>Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Melt temperature</topic><topic>Melting</topic><topic>Molecular chains</topic><topic>Molecular structure</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Polyethylene</topic><topic>Polymer Sciences</topic><topic>Polymers</topic><topic>Positron annihilation</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Spectroscopy</topic><topic>Waste recycling</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tao, Xinyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xiong, Jian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liao, Xia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jingjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>An, Zhu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Qi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Yajiang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Guangxian</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Science Journals</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Materials science collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><jtitle>Journal of polymers and the environment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tao, Xinyu</au><au>Xiong, Jian</au><au>Liao, Xia</au><au>Zhu, Jingjun</au><au>An, Zhu</au><au>Yang, Qi</au><au>Huang, Yajiang</au><au>Li, Guangxian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mechanism of Microstructural Change of High-Density Polyethylene Under Different Outdoor Climates in China</atitle><jtitle>Journal of polymers and the environment</jtitle><stitle>J Polym Environ</stitle><date>2020-10-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>28</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2616</spage><epage>2630</epage><pages>2616-2630</pages><issn>1566-2543</issn><eissn>1572-8919</eissn><abstract>This work aims to understand the microstructural change mechanism of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed at five national standard natural exposure stations (at Qionghai, Ruoqiang, Lhasa, Qingdao, and Hailar) for four years, which represented the five typical climates over China. It was found that the natural weathering of HDPE was the synergistic result of multi-factors such as temperature, irradiation, oxygen, etc. Based on the carbonyl index, the degradation degree in decreasing order was Ruoqiang, Qionghai, Lhasa, Qingdao and Hailar, but the microstructural change mechanism of HDPE was similar. The molecular structure was modified and mass molecular defects formed such as carbonyl and hydrogen groups during the degradation. The new freed molecular chains released from the amorphous region self-nucleated, and then formed new imperfect crystals because of the suppression of molecular defects. With the deposition of molecular defects, the chemi-crystallization ceased. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy indicated the free volume hole shrank continually with exposure time mainly due to the interaction between molecular defects, and a part of amorphous region transformed into crystalline region by chemi-crystallization. In addition, the crystallization and re-melting behavior of degraded HDPE samples had been investigated in order to promote the recycling of waste degraded polymer materials. The results indicated that the crystalline temperature and the second melting temperature decreased with exposure time.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><doi>10.1007/s10924-020-01807-7</doi><tpages>15</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Carbonyl compounds Carbonyls Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Crystal defects Crystal structure Crystallinity Crystallization Crystals Defects Degradation Environmental Chemistry Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology Exposure High density polyethylenes Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Irradiation Materials Science Melt temperature Melting Molecular chains Molecular structure Original Paper Polyethylene Polymer Sciences Polymers Positron annihilation Radiation Spectroscopy Waste recycling |
| title | Mechanism of Microstructural Change of High-Density Polyethylene Under Different Outdoor Climates in China |
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