Comparison between centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric chromium substituted M-type barium hexaferrites

In this research project a series of chromium substituted barium hexa-ferrites with formula BaCr x Fe (12- x ) O 19 ( x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6) have been synthesized using powder metallurgy route, sintered at 1100 °C for 2 h. The structural, functional analysis, surface morphology, magnetic and ferroelectric properties have been investigated using X-ray diffractometer, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and ferroelectric technique, respectively. The structural analysis reveals the formation of barium hexaferrite structure with minor secondary phase of Hematite α- Fe 2 O 3 in first five samples . Surface morphology shows that all grains have definite grains shape and grain boundaries. VSM analysis revealed the antiferromagnetic loops due to existence of hematite phase in ( x = 0 to x = 0.5) samples, whereas the sample ( x = 0.6) shows the ferro-magnetic behavior. Ferroelectric measurement shows centrosymmetric and non-centrosymmetric orientation and maximum remnant polarization due to presence of more Fe 2+ ions in ( x = 0.1–0.5) so that not proper closing of first five samples enhanced the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling.