Graphene quantum dots as singlet oxygen producer or radical quencher - The matter of functionalization with urea/thiourea
Due to their low cost and possible green synthesis, high stability and resistance to photobleaching, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be considered as one of the class of carbon nanomaterials which may have great potential as an agent for photosensitized oxygen activation. In such a way, GQDs can be...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials Science & Engineering C 2020-04, Vol.109, p.110539, Article 110539 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | |
|---|---|
| container_issue | |
| container_start_page | 110539 |
| container_title | Materials Science & Engineering C |
| container_volume | 109 |
| creator | Jovanović, Svetlana P. Syrgiannis, Zois Budimir, Milica D. Milivojević, Dusan D. Jovanovic, Dragana J. Pavlović, Vladimir B. Papan, Jelena M. Bartenwerfer, Malte Mojsin, Marija M. Stevanović, Milena J. Todorović Marković, Biljana M. |
| description | Due to their low cost and possible green synthesis, high stability and resistance to photobleaching, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be considered as one of the class of carbon nanomaterials which may have great potential as an agent for photosensitized oxygen activation. In such a way, GQDs can be used as a theranostic agent in photodynamic therapy. In this work pristine GQDs, GQDs irradiated with gamma rays and GQDs doped with N and N, S atoms are produced using a simple, green approach. By using different techniques (AFM, HR-TEM, SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, PL and UV–Vis) we investigated structural and optical properties of the new types of GQDs. We showed that GQDs functionalized with thiourea (GQDs-TU) completely lost the ability to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) upon photoexcitation while functionalization with urea (GQDs-U) improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon the same conditions. Thus, presented GQDs modification with urea seems like a promising approach for the production of the efficient photosensitizer. On the opposite, GQDs-TU are efficient OH quencher. Due to high singlet oxygen production and low cytotoxicity below 100 μg/mL against HeLa cells, GQDs-U is a good candidate as an agent in photodynamic therapy at this concentration.
[Display omitted]
•GQD structure was modified by thermal with urea and thiourea.•GQDs functionalized with thiourea are efficient OH quencher.•Urea improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation.•Low toxicity toward HeLa cells in dark candidates them as photosensitizers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110539 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2434497984</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0928493119320144</els_id><sourcerecordid>2434497984</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8c0fa3aeea9a403b8cbb655476be20d7ad9410a3ff06b41e670e011a65a35af93</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhq2Kii6FP9ADssQ52_FHPixxQVUplSpxKWdr4kwarzbJYjvQ7a_H0RaOnGY0et93Zh7GrgRsBYjqercdI7mtBGG2QkCpzBnbiKZWRZ6IN2wDRjaFNkpcsHcx7gCqRtXyLbtQUkoDABt2vAt4GGgi_nPBKS0j7-YUOUYe_fS0p8Tn5-MTTfwQ5m5xFPgceMDOO9xnC01uyLOCPw7ER0xpFfS8XyaX_Dzh3r_g2vDfPg18CYTXafDz2rxn5z3uI314rZfsx9fbx5tvxcP3u_ubLw-FU41OReOgR4VEaFCDahvXtlVZ6rpqSUJXY2e0AFR9D1WrBVU1EAiBVYmqxN6oS_bplJs_yAfHZHd5fz4tWqmV1qY2jc4qeVK5MMcYqLeH4EcMRyvArrTtzq607Urbnmhn08fX6KUdqftn-Ys3Cz6fBJQf_OUp2Oh8ZkadD-SS7Wb_v_w_jciSmQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2434497984</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Graphene quantum dots as singlet oxygen producer or radical quencher - The matter of functionalization with urea/thiourea</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete</source><creator>Jovanović, Svetlana P. ; Syrgiannis, Zois ; Budimir, Milica D. ; Milivojević, Dusan D. ; Jovanovic, Dragana J. ; Pavlović, Vladimir B. ; Papan, Jelena M. ; Bartenwerfer, Malte ; Mojsin, Marija M. ; Stevanović, Milena J. ; Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Jovanović, Svetlana P. ; Syrgiannis, Zois ; Budimir, Milica D. ; Milivojević, Dusan D. ; Jovanovic, Dragana J. ; Pavlović, Vladimir B. ; Papan, Jelena M. ; Bartenwerfer, Malte ; Mojsin, Marija M. ; Stevanović, Milena J. ; Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</creatorcontrib><description>Due to their low cost and possible green synthesis, high stability and resistance to photobleaching, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be considered as one of the class of carbon nanomaterials which may have great potential as an agent for photosensitized oxygen activation. In such a way, GQDs can be used as a theranostic agent in photodynamic therapy. In this work pristine GQDs, GQDs irradiated with gamma rays and GQDs doped with N and N, S atoms are produced using a simple, green approach. By using different techniques (AFM, HR-TEM, SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, PL and UV–Vis) we investigated structural and optical properties of the new types of GQDs. We showed that GQDs functionalized with thiourea (GQDs-TU) completely lost the ability to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) upon photoexcitation while functionalization with urea (GQDs-U) improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon the same conditions. Thus, presented GQDs modification with urea seems like a promising approach for the production of the efficient photosensitizer. On the opposite, GQDs-TU are efficient OH quencher. Due to high singlet oxygen production and low cytotoxicity below 100 μg/mL against HeLa cells, GQDs-U is a good candidate as an agent in photodynamic therapy at this concentration.
[Display omitted]
•GQD structure was modified by thermal with urea and thiourea.•GQDs functionalized with thiourea are efficient OH quencher.•Urea improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation.•Low toxicity toward HeLa cells in dark candidates them as photosensitizers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0928-4931</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-0191</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110539</identifier><identifier>PMID: 32229000</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Antioxidant ; Cytotoxicity ; Gamma rays ; Graphene ; Graphene quantum dots ; Graphite - chemistry ; Graphite - pharmacology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Materials science ; Nanomaterials ; Nanotechnology ; Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Neoplasms - metabolism ; Neoplasms - pathology ; Optical properties ; Oxygen ; Oxygen production ; Photobleaching ; Photochemotherapy ; Photodynamic therapy ; Photoexcitation ; Photosensitizing Agents - chemistry ; Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology ; Quantum dots ; Quantum Dots - chemistry ; Quantum Dots - therapeutic use ; Singlet oxygen ; Singlet Oxygen - chemistry ; Thiourea ; Thiourea - chemistry ; Thiourea - pharmacology ; Thioureas ; Toxicity ; Urea ; Ureas</subject><ispartof>Materials Science & Engineering C, 2020-04, Vol.109, p.110539, Article 110539</ispartof><rights>2019 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Apr 2020</rights><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8c0fa3aeea9a403b8cbb655476be20d7ad9410a3ff06b41e670e011a65a35af93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8c0fa3aeea9a403b8cbb655476be20d7ad9410a3ff06b41e670e011a65a35af93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110539$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32229000$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jovanović, Svetlana P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Syrgiannis, Zois</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budimir, Milica D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milivojević, Dusan D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jovanovic, Dragana J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavlović, Vladimir B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papan, Jelena M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartenwerfer, Malte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mojsin, Marija M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevanović, Milena J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</creatorcontrib><title>Graphene quantum dots as singlet oxygen producer or radical quencher - The matter of functionalization with urea/thiourea</title><title>Materials Science & Engineering C</title><addtitle>Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl</addtitle><description>Due to their low cost and possible green synthesis, high stability and resistance to photobleaching, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be considered as one of the class of carbon nanomaterials which may have great potential as an agent for photosensitized oxygen activation. In such a way, GQDs can be used as a theranostic agent in photodynamic therapy. In this work pristine GQDs, GQDs irradiated with gamma rays and GQDs doped with N and N, S atoms are produced using a simple, green approach. By using different techniques (AFM, HR-TEM, SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, PL and UV–Vis) we investigated structural and optical properties of the new types of GQDs. We showed that GQDs functionalized with thiourea (GQDs-TU) completely lost the ability to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) upon photoexcitation while functionalization with urea (GQDs-U) improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon the same conditions. Thus, presented GQDs modification with urea seems like a promising approach for the production of the efficient photosensitizer. On the opposite, GQDs-TU are efficient OH quencher. Due to high singlet oxygen production and low cytotoxicity below 100 μg/mL against HeLa cells, GQDs-U is a good candidate as an agent in photodynamic therapy at this concentration.
[Display omitted]
•GQD structure was modified by thermal with urea and thiourea.•GQDs functionalized with thiourea are efficient OH quencher.•Urea improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation.•Low toxicity toward HeLa cells in dark candidates them as photosensitizers.</description><subject>Antioxidant</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Gamma rays</subject><subject>Graphene</subject><subject>Graphene quantum dots</subject><subject>Graphite - chemistry</subject><subject>Graphite - pharmacology</subject><subject>HeLa Cells</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Materials science</subject><subject>Nanomaterials</subject><subject>Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Neoplasms - metabolism</subject><subject>Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Optical properties</subject><subject>Oxygen</subject><subject>Oxygen production</subject><subject>Photobleaching</subject><subject>Photochemotherapy</subject><subject>Photodynamic therapy</subject><subject>Photoexcitation</subject><subject>Photosensitizing Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Quantum dots</subject><subject>Quantum Dots - chemistry</subject><subject>Quantum Dots - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Singlet oxygen</subject><subject>Singlet Oxygen - chemistry</subject><subject>Thiourea</subject><subject>Thiourea - chemistry</subject><subject>Thiourea - pharmacology</subject><subject>Thioureas</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Urea</subject><subject>Ureas</subject><issn>0928-4931</issn><issn>1873-0191</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1v1DAQhq2Kii6FP9ADssQ52_FHPixxQVUplSpxKWdr4kwarzbJYjvQ7a_H0RaOnGY0et93Zh7GrgRsBYjqercdI7mtBGG2QkCpzBnbiKZWRZ6IN2wDRjaFNkpcsHcx7gCqRtXyLbtQUkoDABt2vAt4GGgi_nPBKS0j7-YUOUYe_fS0p8Tn5-MTTfwQ5m5xFPgceMDOO9xnC01uyLOCPw7ER0xpFfS8XyaX_Dzh3r_g2vDfPg18CYTXafDz2rxn5z3uI314rZfsx9fbx5tvxcP3u_ubLw-FU41OReOgR4VEaFCDahvXtlVZ6rpqSUJXY2e0AFR9D1WrBVU1EAiBVYmqxN6oS_bplJs_yAfHZHd5fz4tWqmV1qY2jc4qeVK5MMcYqLeH4EcMRyvArrTtzq607Urbnmhn08fX6KUdqftn-Ys3Cz6fBJQf_OUp2Oh8ZkadD-SS7Wb_v_w_jciSmQ</recordid><startdate>202004</startdate><enddate>202004</enddate><creator>Jovanović, Svetlana P.</creator><creator>Syrgiannis, Zois</creator><creator>Budimir, Milica D.</creator><creator>Milivojević, Dusan D.</creator><creator>Jovanovic, Dragana J.</creator><creator>Pavlović, Vladimir B.</creator><creator>Papan, Jelena M.</creator><creator>Bartenwerfer, Malte</creator><creator>Mojsin, Marija M.</creator><creator>Stevanović, Milena J.</creator><creator>Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>202004</creationdate><title>Graphene quantum dots as singlet oxygen producer or radical quencher - The matter of functionalization with urea/thiourea</title><author>Jovanović, Svetlana P. ; Syrgiannis, Zois ; Budimir, Milica D. ; Milivojević, Dusan D. ; Jovanovic, Dragana J. ; Pavlović, Vladimir B. ; Papan, Jelena M. ; Bartenwerfer, Malte ; Mojsin, Marija M. ; Stevanović, Milena J. ; Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c384t-8c0fa3aeea9a403b8cbb655476be20d7ad9410a3ff06b41e670e011a65a35af93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Antioxidant</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Gamma rays</topic><topic>Graphene</topic><topic>Graphene quantum dots</topic><topic>Graphite - chemistry</topic><topic>Graphite - pharmacology</topic><topic>HeLa Cells</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Materials science</topic><topic>Nanomaterials</topic><topic>Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Neoplasms - metabolism</topic><topic>Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Optical properties</topic><topic>Oxygen</topic><topic>Oxygen production</topic><topic>Photobleaching</topic><topic>Photochemotherapy</topic><topic>Photodynamic therapy</topic><topic>Photoexcitation</topic><topic>Photosensitizing Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Quantum dots</topic><topic>Quantum Dots - chemistry</topic><topic>Quantum Dots - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Singlet oxygen</topic><topic>Singlet Oxygen - chemistry</topic><topic>Thiourea</topic><topic>Thiourea - chemistry</topic><topic>Thiourea - pharmacology</topic><topic>Thioureas</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Urea</topic><topic>Ureas</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jovanović, Svetlana P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Syrgiannis, Zois</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Budimir, Milica D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milivojević, Dusan D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jovanovic, Dragana J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pavlović, Vladimir B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Papan, Jelena M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bartenwerfer, Malte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mojsin, Marija M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Stevanović, Milena J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Materials Science & Engineering C</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jovanović, Svetlana P.</au><au>Syrgiannis, Zois</au><au>Budimir, Milica D.</au><au>Milivojević, Dusan D.</au><au>Jovanovic, Dragana J.</au><au>Pavlović, Vladimir B.</au><au>Papan, Jelena M.</au><au>Bartenwerfer, Malte</au><au>Mojsin, Marija M.</au><au>Stevanović, Milena J.</au><au>Todorović Marković, Biljana M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Graphene quantum dots as singlet oxygen producer or radical quencher - The matter of functionalization with urea/thiourea</atitle><jtitle>Materials Science & Engineering C</jtitle><addtitle>Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl</addtitle><date>2020-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>109</volume><spage>110539</spage><pages>110539-</pages><artnum>110539</artnum><issn>0928-4931</issn><eissn>1873-0191</eissn><abstract>Due to their low cost and possible green synthesis, high stability and resistance to photobleaching, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be considered as one of the class of carbon nanomaterials which may have great potential as an agent for photosensitized oxygen activation. In such a way, GQDs can be used as a theranostic agent in photodynamic therapy. In this work pristine GQDs, GQDs irradiated with gamma rays and GQDs doped with N and N, S atoms are produced using a simple, green approach. By using different techniques (AFM, HR-TEM, SEM-EDS, FTIR, XRD, PL and UV–Vis) we investigated structural and optical properties of the new types of GQDs. We showed that GQDs functionalized with thiourea (GQDs-TU) completely lost the ability to produce singlet oxygen (1O2) upon photoexcitation while functionalization with urea (GQDs-U) improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon the same conditions. Thus, presented GQDs modification with urea seems like a promising approach for the production of the efficient photosensitizer. On the opposite, GQDs-TU are efficient OH quencher. Due to high singlet oxygen production and low cytotoxicity below 100 μg/mL against HeLa cells, GQDs-U is a good candidate as an agent in photodynamic therapy at this concentration.
[Display omitted]
•GQD structure was modified by thermal with urea and thiourea.•GQDs functionalized with thiourea are efficient OH quencher.•Urea improves the capability of GQDs to produce 1O2 upon photoexcitation.•Low toxicity toward HeLa cells in dark candidates them as photosensitizers.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>32229000</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.msec.2019.110539</doi></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0928-4931 |
| ispartof | Materials Science & Engineering C, 2020-04, Vol.109, p.110539, Article 110539 |
| issn | 0928-4931 1873-0191 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_journals_2434497984 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Antioxidant Cytotoxicity Gamma rays Graphene Graphene quantum dots Graphite - chemistry Graphite - pharmacology HeLa Cells Humans Materials science Nanomaterials Nanotechnology Neoplasms - drug therapy Neoplasms - metabolism Neoplasms - pathology Optical properties Oxygen Oxygen production Photobleaching Photochemotherapy Photodynamic therapy Photoexcitation Photosensitizing Agents - chemistry Photosensitizing Agents - pharmacology Quantum dots Quantum Dots - chemistry Quantum Dots - therapeutic use Singlet oxygen Singlet Oxygen - chemistry Thiourea Thiourea - chemistry Thiourea - pharmacology Thioureas Toxicity Urea Ureas |
| title | Graphene quantum dots as singlet oxygen producer or radical quencher - The matter of functionalization with urea/thiourea |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-24T11%3A02%3A31IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Graphene%20quantum%20dots%20as%20singlet%20oxygen%20producer%20or%20radical%20quencher%20-%20The%20matter%20of%20functionalization%20with%20urea/thiourea&rft.jtitle=Materials%20Science%20&%20Engineering%20C&rft.au=Jovanovi%C4%87,%20Svetlana%20P.&rft.date=2020-04&rft.volume=109&rft.spage=110539&rft.pages=110539-&rft.artnum=110539&rft.issn=0928-4931&rft.eissn=1873-0191&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.msec.2019.110539&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E2434497984%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2434497984&rft_id=info:pmid/32229000&rft_els_id=S0928493119320144&rfr_iscdi=true |