Geochemical fractionation of hazardous elements in fresh and drilled weathered South African coal fly ashes
The chemical reactions of dry-disposed ash dump, ingressed oxygen, carbon dioxide, and infiltrating rainwater affect mineralogical transformation, redistribution, and migration of chemical species. Composite samples of weathered coal fly ash taken at various depths and fresh coal fly ash were examin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental geochemistry and health 2020-09, Vol.42 (9), p.2771-2788 |
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| creator | Akinyemi, S. A. Gitari, W. M. Thobakgale, R. Petrik, L. F. Nyakuma, B. B. Hower, J. C. Ward, C. R. Oliveira, M. L. S. Silva, L. F. O. |
| description | The chemical reactions of dry-disposed ash dump, ingressed oxygen, carbon dioxide, and infiltrating rainwater affect mineralogical transformation, redistribution, and migration of chemical species. Composite samples of weathered coal fly ash taken at various depths and fresh coal fly ash were examined using organic petrographic, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence techniques, and successive extraction procedures. Results obtained show relative enrichment of glass, Al–Fe-oxides, calcite, and tridymite in the weathered CFA, but the fresh CFA is enriched in mullite, inertinite, maghemite, and ettringite. The enrichment of the weathered CFA in amorphous glass suggests higher reactivity when compared to fresh CFA. The evident depletion of soluble oxides in the weathered CFA is attributed to flushing of the soluble salts by percolating rainwater. Comparative enrichment of examined elements in water-soluble, exchangeable, reducible, and residual fractions of the weathered CFA is partly due to the slow release of adsorbed chemical species from the alumina-silicate matrix and diffusion from the deeper sections of the particles of coal fly ash. Sodium and potassium show enrichment in the oxidisable fraction of fresh CFA. The estimated mobility factor indicates mobility for Ca, Mg, Na, Se, Mo, and Sb and K, Sr, V, Cu, Cr, Se, and B in fresh and weathered CFAs, respectively. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10653-019-00511-3 |
| format | Article |
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A. ; Gitari, W. M. ; Thobakgale, R. ; Petrik, L. F. ; Nyakuma, B. B. ; Hower, J. C. ; Ward, C. R. ; Oliveira, M. L. S. ; Silva, L. F. O.</creator><creatorcontrib>Akinyemi, S. A. ; Gitari, W. M. ; Thobakgale, R. ; Petrik, L. F. ; Nyakuma, B. B. ; Hower, J. C. ; Ward, C. R. ; Oliveira, M. L. S. ; Silva, L. F. O.</creatorcontrib><description>The chemical reactions of dry-disposed ash dump, ingressed oxygen, carbon dioxide, and infiltrating rainwater affect mineralogical transformation, redistribution, and migration of chemical species. Composite samples of weathered coal fly ash taken at various depths and fresh coal fly ash were examined using organic petrographic, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence techniques, and successive extraction procedures. Results obtained show relative enrichment of glass, Al–Fe-oxides, calcite, and tridymite in the weathered CFA, but the fresh CFA is enriched in mullite, inertinite, maghemite, and ettringite. The enrichment of the weathered CFA in amorphous glass suggests higher reactivity when compared to fresh CFA. The evident depletion of soluble oxides in the weathered CFA is attributed to flushing of the soluble salts by percolating rainwater. Comparative enrichment of examined elements in water-soluble, exchangeable, reducible, and residual fractions of the weathered CFA is partly due to the slow release of adsorbed chemical species from the alumina-silicate matrix and diffusion from the deeper sections of the particles of coal fly ash. Sodium and potassium show enrichment in the oxidisable fraction of fresh CFA. The estimated mobility factor indicates mobility for Ca, Mg, Na, Se, Mo, and Sb and K, Sr, V, Cu, Cr, Se, and B in fresh and weathered CFAs, respectively.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0269-4042</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2983</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00511-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 31900823</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Aluminum oxide ; Ashes ; Calcite ; Carbon dioxide ; Chemical reactions ; Chemical speciation ; Chromium ; Coal ; Copper ; Depletion ; Diffusion rate ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Enrichment ; Environment ; Environmental Chemistry ; Environmental Health ; Ettringite ; Fluorescence ; Fly ash ; Fractionation ; Geochemistry ; Glass ; Iron ; Migratory species ; Mobility ; Molybdenum ; Mullite ; Original Paper ; Oxides ; Percolation ; Potassium ; Public Health ; Rain ; Rain water ; Salts ; Silicates ; Sodium ; Soil Science & Conservation ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Tridymite ; X rays ; X-ray diffraction ; X-ray fluorescence</subject><ispartof>Environmental geochemistry and health, 2020-09, Vol.42 (9), p.2771-2788</ispartof><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2020</rights><rights>Springer Nature B.V. 2020.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a442t-78f2576218bb482cda1408705d5d7f66445aac0005f8a57bbb076d765fff7d8a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a442t-78f2576218bb482cda1408705d5d7f66445aac0005f8a57bbb076d765fff7d8a3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-6363-3698</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10653-019-00511-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10653-019-00511-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31900823$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Akinyemi, S. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gitari, W. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thobakgale, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrik, L. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nyakuma, B. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hower, J. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ward, C. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oliveira, M. L. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Silva, L. F. O.</creatorcontrib><title>Geochemical fractionation of hazardous elements in fresh and drilled weathered South African coal fly ashes</title><title>Environmental geochemistry and health</title><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><description>The chemical reactions of dry-disposed ash dump, ingressed oxygen, carbon dioxide, and infiltrating rainwater affect mineralogical transformation, redistribution, and migration of chemical species. Composite samples of weathered coal fly ash taken at various depths and fresh coal fly ash were examined using organic petrographic, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence techniques, and successive extraction procedures. Results obtained show relative enrichment of glass, Al–Fe-oxides, calcite, and tridymite in the weathered CFA, but the fresh CFA is enriched in mullite, inertinite, maghemite, and ettringite. The enrichment of the weathered CFA in amorphous glass suggests higher reactivity when compared to fresh CFA. The evident depletion of soluble oxides in the weathered CFA is attributed to flushing of the soluble salts by percolating rainwater. Comparative enrichment of examined elements in water-soluble, exchangeable, reducible, and residual fractions of the weathered CFA is partly due to the slow release of adsorbed chemical species from the alumina-silicate matrix and diffusion from the deeper sections of the particles of coal fly ash. Sodium and potassium show enrichment in the oxidisable fraction of fresh CFA. The estimated mobility factor indicates mobility for Ca, Mg, Na, Se, Mo, and Sb and K, Sr, V, Cu, Cr, Se, and B in fresh and weathered CFAs, respectively.</description><subject>Aluminum oxide</subject><subject>Ashes</subject><subject>Calcite</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Chemical reactions</subject><subject>Chemical speciation</subject><subject>Chromium</subject><subject>Coal</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Depletion</subject><subject>Diffusion rate</subject><subject>Earth and Environmental Science</subject><subject>Enrichment</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Environmental Chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental Health</subject><subject>Ettringite</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Fly ash</subject><subject>Fractionation</subject><subject>Geochemistry</subject><subject>Glass</subject><subject>Iron</subject><subject>Migratory species</subject><subject>Mobility</subject><subject>Molybdenum</subject><subject>Mullite</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Oxides</subject><subject>Percolation</subject><subject>Potassium</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Rain</subject><subject>Rain water</subject><subject>Salts</subject><subject>Silicates</subject><subject>Sodium</subject><subject>Soil Science & Conservation</subject><subject>Terrestrial Pollution</subject><subject>Tridymite</subject><subject>X rays</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><subject>X-ray fluorescence</subject><issn>0269-4042</issn><issn>1573-2983</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMoun78AQ8S8FydfDXpUURXQfCgnkPaJLZrt9GkRfTXm3VXvXnJBOaZd5gHoWMCZwRAnicCpWAFkKoAEIQUbAvNiJCsoJVi22gGtKwKDpzuof2UFgBQSa520R4jFYCibIZe5i40rVt2jemxj6YZuzCY1YODx635NNGGKWHXu6UbxoS7IWMutdgMFtvY9b2z-N2ZsXUx_x7CNLb4wsccOOAmrFL7D2xS69Ih2vGmT-5oUw_Q0_XV4-VNcXc_v728uCsM53QspPJUyJISVddc0cYawkFJEFZY6cuSc2FMk48RXhkh67oGWVpZCu-9tMqwA3S6zn2N4W1yadSLMMUhr9SUM84qUEJliq6pJoaUovP6NXZLEz80Ab3yq9d-dfarv_1qlodONtFTvXT2d-RHaAbYGki5NTy7-Lf7n9gvbnKGSQ</recordid><startdate>20200901</startdate><enddate>20200901</enddate><creator>Akinyemi, S. 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A. ; Gitari, W. M. ; Thobakgale, R. ; Petrik, L. F. ; Nyakuma, B. B. ; Hower, J. C. ; Ward, C. R. ; Oliveira, M. L. S. ; Silva, L. F. 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A.</au><au>Gitari, W. M.</au><au>Thobakgale, R.</au><au>Petrik, L. F.</au><au>Nyakuma, B. B.</au><au>Hower, J. C.</au><au>Ward, C. R.</au><au>Oliveira, M. L. S.</au><au>Silva, L. F. O.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Geochemical fractionation of hazardous elements in fresh and drilled weathered South African coal fly ashes</atitle><jtitle>Environmental geochemistry and health</jtitle><stitle>Environ Geochem Health</stitle><addtitle>Environ Geochem Health</addtitle><date>2020-09-01</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>2771</spage><epage>2788</epage><pages>2771-2788</pages><issn>0269-4042</issn><eissn>1573-2983</eissn><abstract>The chemical reactions of dry-disposed ash dump, ingressed oxygen, carbon dioxide, and infiltrating rainwater affect mineralogical transformation, redistribution, and migration of chemical species. Composite samples of weathered coal fly ash taken at various depths and fresh coal fly ash were examined using organic petrographic, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence techniques, and successive extraction procedures. Results obtained show relative enrichment of glass, Al–Fe-oxides, calcite, and tridymite in the weathered CFA, but the fresh CFA is enriched in mullite, inertinite, maghemite, and ettringite. The enrichment of the weathered CFA in amorphous glass suggests higher reactivity when compared to fresh CFA. The evident depletion of soluble oxides in the weathered CFA is attributed to flushing of the soluble salts by percolating rainwater. Comparative enrichment of examined elements in water-soluble, exchangeable, reducible, and residual fractions of the weathered CFA is partly due to the slow release of adsorbed chemical species from the alumina-silicate matrix and diffusion from the deeper sections of the particles of coal fly ash. Sodium and potassium show enrichment in the oxidisable fraction of fresh CFA. The estimated mobility factor indicates mobility for Ca, Mg, Na, Se, Mo, and Sb and K, Sr, V, Cu, Cr, Se, and B in fresh and weathered CFAs, respectively.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>31900823</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10653-019-00511-3</doi><tpages>18</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-3698</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aluminum oxide Ashes Calcite Carbon dioxide Chemical reactions Chemical speciation Chromium Coal Copper Depletion Diffusion rate Earth and Environmental Science Enrichment Environment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Ettringite Fluorescence Fly ash Fractionation Geochemistry Glass Iron Migratory species Mobility Molybdenum Mullite Original Paper Oxides Percolation Potassium Public Health Rain Rain water Salts Silicates Sodium Soil Science & Conservation Terrestrial Pollution Tridymite X rays X-ray diffraction X-ray fluorescence |
| title | Geochemical fractionation of hazardous elements in fresh and drilled weathered South African coal fly ashes |
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