Frequency-Agile Class-J Power Amplifier With Clockwise Fundamental- and Second-Harmonic Loads
A novel frequency-agile power amplifier (PA) designed with a modified class-J theory enforcing constant maximum and minimum instantaneous drain voltages for all frequencies is presented. The resulting high-efficiency class-J mode that requires a reconfigurable drain supply exhibits clockwise fundame...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques 2020-07, Vol.68 (7), p.3184-3196 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques |
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| creator | Chang, Hsiu-Chen Roblin, Patrick Hahn, Yunsik Martinez-Lopez, Jose I. Liang, Chenyu Rawat, Karun |
| description | A novel frequency-agile power amplifier (PA) designed with a modified class-J theory enforcing constant maximum and minimum instantaneous drain voltages for all frequencies is presented. The resulting high-efficiency class-J mode that requires a reconfigurable drain supply exhibits clockwise fundamental- and second-harmonic load impedance trajectories versus frequency facilitating the PA design. This clockwise-loaded class-J (CLCJ) mode enables frequency-agile capability with enhanced efficiency when the proper drain supply voltage codesigned with the clockwise fundamental and harmonic loads is applied. The CLCJ PA designed from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz exhibits the measured drain efficiency in 57%-78% and 61%-86% ranges when operated in low and high compressions, respectively. To validate the frequency agility, 3G (2.84 MHz), 4G (20 MHz), and 5G (100 MHz) modulated signals were measured at different operating frequencies from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz. At 2 GHz, the average drain efficiency improved from 53% to 68% for CW signals and from 56.6% to 66.3% for a frequency-modulated 30-MHz chirp radar signal with second-harmonic injection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2995216 |
| format | Article |
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The resulting high-efficiency class-J mode that requires a reconfigurable drain supply exhibits clockwise fundamental- and second-harmonic load impedance trajectories versus frequency facilitating the PA design. This clockwise-loaded class-J (CLCJ) mode enables frequency-agile capability with enhanced efficiency when the proper drain supply voltage codesigned with the clockwise fundamental and harmonic loads is applied. The CLCJ PA designed from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz exhibits the measured drain efficiency in 57%-78% and 61%-86% ranges when operated in low and high compressions, respectively. To validate the frequency agility, 3G (2.84 MHz), 4G (20 MHz), and 5G (100 MHz) modulated signals were measured at different operating frequencies from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz. At 2 GHz, the average drain efficiency improved from 53% to 68% for CW signals and from 56.6% to 66.3% for a frequency-modulated 30-MHz chirp radar signal with second-harmonic injection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9480</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9670</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.2995216</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETMAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplifier design ; Broadband communication ; Broadband diplexer ; class-J ; continuous mode ; Efficiency ; efficiency enhancement ; Frequency conversion ; Frequency measurement ; frequency-agile ; Harmonic analysis ; harmonic injection ; high efficiency ; Impedance ; Linearity ; power amplifier (PA) ; Power amplifiers ; Trajectory ; tunable supply voltage ; waveform engineering</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques, 2020-07, Vol.68 (7), p.3184-3196</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-442e83812ea87b71d2ed2f4c4f00d547f564f024ae93e5cdebf604d29baf1d393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c336t-442e83812ea87b71d2ed2f4c4f00d547f564f024ae93e5cdebf604d29baf1d393</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-0260-4134 ; 0000-0002-9137-5670 ; 0000-0003-3909-6110 ; 0000-0002-6524-0641 ; 0000-0003-0433-6831 ; 0000-0002-9395-342X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9106785$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27923,27924,54757</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9106785$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chang, Hsiu-Chen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Roblin, Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hahn, Yunsik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martinez-Lopez, Jose I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Chenyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rawat, Karun</creatorcontrib><title>Frequency-Agile Class-J Power Amplifier With Clockwise Fundamental- and Second-Harmonic Loads</title><title>IEEE transactions on microwave theory and techniques</title><addtitle>TMTT</addtitle><description>A novel frequency-agile power amplifier (PA) designed with a modified class-J theory enforcing constant maximum and minimum instantaneous drain voltages for all frequencies is presented. The resulting high-efficiency class-J mode that requires a reconfigurable drain supply exhibits clockwise fundamental- and second-harmonic load impedance trajectories versus frequency facilitating the PA design. This clockwise-loaded class-J (CLCJ) mode enables frequency-agile capability with enhanced efficiency when the proper drain supply voltage codesigned with the clockwise fundamental and harmonic loads is applied. The CLCJ PA designed from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz exhibits the measured drain efficiency in 57%-78% and 61%-86% ranges when operated in low and high compressions, respectively. To validate the frequency agility, 3G (2.84 MHz), 4G (20 MHz), and 5G (100 MHz) modulated signals were measured at different operating frequencies from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz. At 2 GHz, the average drain efficiency improved from 53% to 68% for CW signals and from 56.6% to 66.3% for a frequency-modulated 30-MHz chirp radar signal with second-harmonic injection.</description><subject>Amplifier design</subject><subject>Broadband communication</subject><subject>Broadband diplexer</subject><subject>class-J</subject><subject>continuous mode</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>efficiency enhancement</subject><subject>Frequency conversion</subject><subject>Frequency measurement</subject><subject>frequency-agile</subject><subject>Harmonic analysis</subject><subject>harmonic injection</subject><subject>high efficiency</subject><subject>Impedance</subject><subject>Linearity</subject><subject>power amplifier (PA)</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Trajectory</subject><subject>tunable supply voltage</subject><subject>waveform engineering</subject><issn>0018-9480</issn><issn>1557-9670</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNo9kFtLAzEQhYMoWKs_QHxZ8Dk1t73ksRRrlYqCKz5JSDcTTd1uarKl9N-b0uLTnGHOzHA-hK4pGVFK5F39XNcjRhgZMSlzRosTNKB5XmJZlOQUDQihFZaiIufoIsZlakVOqgH6nAb43UDX7PD4y7WQTVodI37KXv0WQjZerVtnXVIfrv9OQ9_8bF2EbLrpjF5B1-sWZ7oz2Rs0vjN4psPKd67J5l6beInOrG4jXB3rEL1P7-vJDM9fHh4n4zluOC96LASDileUga7KRUkNA8OsaIQlxOSitHmRJBMaJIe8MbCwBRGGyYW21HDJh-j2cHcdfEoTe7X0m9Cll4oJKkUKzkVy0YOrCT7GAFatg1vpsFOUqD1Ftaeo9hTVkWLauTnsOAD490tKirLK-R_48W3q</recordid><startdate>20200701</startdate><enddate>20200701</enddate><creator>Chang, Hsiu-Chen</creator><creator>Roblin, Patrick</creator><creator>Hahn, Yunsik</creator><creator>Martinez-Lopez, Jose I.</creator><creator>Liang, Chenyu</creator><creator>Rawat, Karun</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The resulting high-efficiency class-J mode that requires a reconfigurable drain supply exhibits clockwise fundamental- and second-harmonic load impedance trajectories versus frequency facilitating the PA design. This clockwise-loaded class-J (CLCJ) mode enables frequency-agile capability with enhanced efficiency when the proper drain supply voltage codesigned with the clockwise fundamental and harmonic loads is applied. The CLCJ PA designed from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz exhibits the measured drain efficiency in 57%-78% and 61%-86% ranges when operated in low and high compressions, respectively. To validate the frequency agility, 3G (2.84 MHz), 4G (20 MHz), and 5G (100 MHz) modulated signals were measured at different operating frequencies from 0.8 to 2.4 GHz. 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| subjects | Amplifier design Broadband communication Broadband diplexer class-J continuous mode Efficiency efficiency enhancement Frequency conversion Frequency measurement frequency-agile Harmonic analysis harmonic injection high efficiency Impedance Linearity power amplifier (PA) Power amplifiers Trajectory tunable supply voltage waveform engineering |
| title | Frequency-Agile Class-J Power Amplifier With Clockwise Fundamental- and Second-Harmonic Loads |
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