The Quenching Effect of BGO Crystals on Relativistic Heavy Ions in the DAMPE Experiment
The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne, calorimetric-type, high-energy-resolution detector for the precise measurement of high-energy electrons, gamma rays, and nuclei from deep space. The DAMPE electromagnetic calorimeter consists of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals that can...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on nuclear science 2020-06, Vol.67 (6), p.939-945 |
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| creator | Wei, Yifeng Zhang, Yunlong Zhang, Zhiyong Wu, Libo Dai, Haoting Liu, Chengming Zhao, Cong Wang, Ying Zhao, Yuzhe Jiang, Peicheng Wang, Yuanzhe Alemanno, F. Di Santo, M. Catanzani, E. Wang, Xiaolian Xu, Zizong Huang, Guangshun |
| description | The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne, calorimetric-type, high-energy-resolution detector for the precise measurement of high-energy electrons, gamma rays, and nuclei from deep space. The DAMPE electromagnetic calorimeter consists of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals that can measure incident hadron energies from 50 GeV to 100 TeV. For an inorganic scintillator, such as BGO, the nonlinear fluorescence response when measuring ions contributes to the difference between the experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. This article reports the BGO quenching nonlinearity occurring in the DAMPE experiment. The ionization energy response of BGO to several kinds of ions lighter than iron is investigated by conducting beam tests and analyzing flight data. We compare the scintillator output with the energy loss according to GEANT4 simulations and determine the quenching parameters. The combined result of beam test and flight experiment shows that the quenching effect strongly depends on the density of the ionization energy loss. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TNS.2020.2989191 |
| format | Article |
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The DAMPE electromagnetic calorimeter consists of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals that can measure incident hadron energies from 50 GeV to 100 TeV. For an inorganic scintillator, such as BGO, the nonlinear fluorescence response when measuring ions contributes to the difference between the experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. This article reports the BGO quenching nonlinearity occurring in the DAMPE experiment. The ionization energy response of BGO to several kinds of ions lighter than iron is investigated by conducting beam tests and analyzing flight data. We compare the scintillator output with the energy loss according to GEANT4 simulations and determine the quenching parameters. The combined result of beam test and flight experiment shows that the quenching effect strongly depends on the density of the ionization energy loss.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9499</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-1578</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TNS.2020.2989191</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETNAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>PISCATAWAY: IEEE</publisher><subject>BGO (crystal) ; Bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal ; calorimeter ; Carbon ; Computer simulation ; Cosmic rays ; Crystals ; Dark matter ; DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) ; Deep space ; Detectors ; Energy dissipation ; Energy loss ; Energy measurement ; Engineering ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Experiments ; Extraterrestrial measurements ; Flight ; Fluorescence ; Gamma rays ; Heavy ions ; High energy electrons ; Ionization ; Ions ; Nonlinear response ; Nonlinear systems ; Nonlinearity ; Nuclear Science & Technology ; Quenching ; quenching effect ; Satellites ; Science & Technology ; Scintillation counters ; Space telescopes ; Technology</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on nuclear science, 2020-06, Vol.67 (6), p.939-945</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2020</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>7</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000545005000013</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-9ae467638558d19a4d27d210a4876ebd943c640d13843779a8ab10d9e10663553</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c291t-9ae467638558d19a4d27d210a4876ebd943c640d13843779a8ab10d9e10663553</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-0348-7999 ; 0000-0002-7510-3181 ; 0000-0002-4947-961X ; 0000-0001-8490-7416</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9078046$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,797,27929,27930,28253,54763</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9078046$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wei, Yifeng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yunlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Zhiyong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Libo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dai, Haoting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Chengming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Cong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Ying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Yuzhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Peicheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yuanzhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alemanno, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Di Santo, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Catanzani, E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Xiaolian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Zizong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Guangshun</creatorcontrib><title>The Quenching Effect of BGO Crystals on Relativistic Heavy Ions in the DAMPE Experiment</title><title>IEEE transactions on nuclear science</title><addtitle>TNS</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE T NUCL SCI</addtitle><description>The DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) is a satellite-borne, calorimetric-type, high-energy-resolution detector for the precise measurement of high-energy electrons, gamma rays, and nuclei from deep space. The DAMPE electromagnetic calorimeter consists of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals that can measure incident hadron energies from 50 GeV to 100 TeV. For an inorganic scintillator, such as BGO, the nonlinear fluorescence response when measuring ions contributes to the difference between the experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. This article reports the BGO quenching nonlinearity occurring in the DAMPE experiment. The ionization energy response of BGO to several kinds of ions lighter than iron is investigated by conducting beam tests and analyzing flight data. We compare the scintillator output with the energy loss according to GEANT4 simulations and determine the quenching parameters. The combined result of beam test and flight experiment shows that the quenching effect strongly depends on the density of the ionization energy loss.</description><subject>BGO (crystal)</subject><subject>Bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal</subject><subject>calorimeter</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Cosmic rays</subject><subject>Crystals</subject><subject>Dark matter</subject><subject>DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE)</subject><subject>Deep space</subject><subject>Detectors</subject><subject>Energy dissipation</subject><subject>Energy loss</subject><subject>Energy measurement</subject><subject>Engineering</subject><subject>Engineering, Electrical & Electronic</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Extraterrestrial measurements</subject><subject>Flight</subject><subject>Fluorescence</subject><subject>Gamma rays</subject><subject>Heavy ions</subject><subject>High energy electrons</subject><subject>Ionization</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Nonlinear response</subject><subject>Nonlinear systems</subject><subject>Nonlinearity</subject><subject>Nuclear Science & Technology</subject><subject>Quenching</subject><subject>quenching effect</subject><subject>Satellites</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Scintillation counters</subject><subject>Space telescopes</subject><subject>Technology</subject><issn>0018-9499</issn><issn>1558-1578</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkMtLxDAQh4MouD7ugpeAR-k6aZI2OWpdH-DbFY8l2041osnaZNX9782yoldhYBj4fTPDR8gOgyFjoA_GV_fDHHIY5lppptkKGTApVcZkqVbJAICpTAut18lGCC9pFBLkgDyOn5HeztA1z9Y90VHXYROp7-jR6TWt-nmI5jVQ7-gdvppoP2yItqFnaD7m9Ny7QK2jMa04Pry8GdHR1xR7-4YubpG1LpG4_dM3ycPJaFydZRfXp-fV4UXW5JrFTBsURVlwlV5tmTaizcs2Z2CEKguctFrwphDQMq4EL0ttlJkwaDUyKAouJd8ke8u9096_zzDE-sXPepdO1rlgUhea5zylYJlqeh9Cj109TW-afl4zqBf66qSvXuirf_QlZH-JfOLEd6GxSRH-YgAgk0BIlVQuDqj_pysbk0rvKj9zMaG7S9Qi_iEaSgWi4N8rq4kp</recordid><startdate>20200601</startdate><enddate>20200601</enddate><creator>Wei, Yifeng</creator><creator>Zhang, Yunlong</creator><creator>Zhang, Zhiyong</creator><creator>Wu, Libo</creator><creator>Dai, Haoting</creator><creator>Liu, Chengming</creator><creator>Zhao, Cong</creator><creator>Wang, Ying</creator><creator>Zhao, Yuzhe</creator><creator>Jiang, Peicheng</creator><creator>Wang, Yuanzhe</creator><creator>Alemanno, F.</creator><creator>Di Santo, M.</creator><creator>Catanzani, E.</creator><creator>Wang, Xiaolian</creator><creator>Xu, Zizong</creator><creator>Huang, Guangshun</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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The DAMPE electromagnetic calorimeter consists of bismuth germanate (BGO) crystals that can measure incident hadron energies from 50 GeV to 100 TeV. For an inorganic scintillator, such as BGO, the nonlinear fluorescence response when measuring ions contributes to the difference between the experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations. This article reports the BGO quenching nonlinearity occurring in the DAMPE experiment. The ionization energy response of BGO to several kinds of ions lighter than iron is investigated by conducting beam tests and analyzing flight data. We compare the scintillator output with the energy loss according to GEANT4 simulations and determine the quenching parameters. The combined result of beam test and flight experiment shows that the quenching effect strongly depends on the density of the ionization energy loss.</abstract><cop>PISCATAWAY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TNS.2020.2989191</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0348-7999</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7510-3181</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4947-961X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-7416</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | BGO (crystal) Bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal calorimeter Carbon Computer simulation Cosmic rays Crystals Dark matter DArk Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) Deep space Detectors Energy dissipation Energy loss Energy measurement Engineering Engineering, Electrical & Electronic Experiments Extraterrestrial measurements Flight Fluorescence Gamma rays Heavy ions High energy electrons Ionization Ions Nonlinear response Nonlinear systems Nonlinearity Nuclear Science & Technology Quenching quenching effect Satellites Science & Technology Scintillation counters Space telescopes Technology |
| title | The Quenching Effect of BGO Crystals on Relativistic Heavy Ions in the DAMPE Experiment |
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