On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors
The variations in oceanic and atmospheric modes on various timescales play important roles in generating global and regional climate variability. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying the relationships between the variations in climate modes and regional climate variability, but these have r...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Earth system dynamics 2020-06, Vol.11 (2), p.525-535 |
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| creator | Pan, Xinnong Wang, Geli Yang, Peicai Wang, Jun Tsonis, Anastasios A. |
| description | The variations in oceanic and atmospheric modes on various timescales play important roles in generating global and regional climate variability. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying the relationships between the variations in climate modes and regional climate variability, but these have rarely explored the interconnections among these climate modes. Here we use climate indices to represent the variations in major climate modes and examine the harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes using slow feature analysis (SFA) and wavelet analysis. We find that all of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in the climate indices can be represented as harmonics of four base periods: 2.32, 3.90, 6.55, and 11.02 years. We infer that the period of 2.32 years is associated with the signal of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The periods of 3.90 and 6.55 years are linked to the intrinsic variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the period of 11.02 years arises from the sunspot cycle. Results suggest that the base periods and their harmonic oscillations related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as key connections among the climatic modes with synchronous behaviors, highlighting the important roles of these three oscillations in the variability of the Earth's climate.
Highlights.
i. The harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes was investigated by using slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis.
ii. All of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in climate indices can be represented as the harmonics of four base periods.
iii. The four base periods related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as the key linkages among different climatic modes with synchronous behaviors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5194/esd-11-525-2020 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_journals_2414682254</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_ab952d25c88f4107a10fa374b76c7216</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2414682254</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-18588662dc3e6aeb5598d57613157939f5186868569fa89018158e4583876c6f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkc1rXCEUxR8lgYQ062wfdFle4lWvH8sytE0gECjtWhyfJg7zNFWnpf99fZky6-rCy_Wc48XfMNwAuUXQ_M7XeQKYkOJECSXvhksKmkxcK3l2qqW-GK5r3ZG-UFDgeDl8e0pje_FjTM0Xl1PyrsWc6miXnJ7Hxe5yGd0-Lrb5ccmz7zdpXi2x9_PSVeNc4q_YxcG6lkt9P5wHu6_--t95Nfz48vn75n56fPr6sPn0ODkmRZtAoVJC0NkxL6zfImo1oxTAAKVmOiAo0TcKHazSBBSg8hwVU1I4EdjV8HDMnbPdmdfSZyx_TLbRvDVyeTa2tOj23titRjpTdEoFDkRaIMEyybc9SVIQPevDMeu15J8HX5vZ5UNJfXxDOXChKEXeVXdHlSu51uLD6VUgZuVgOgcDYDoHs3Lojo9Hx2-_zaG66JPzJ9fKgb19w4oEulr9v3oTm11RbfIhNfYXp2-ZgA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2414682254</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors</title><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020<img src="https://exlibris-pub.s3.amazonaws.com/fromwos-v2.jpg" /></source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Pan, Xinnong ; Wang, Geli ; Yang, Peicai ; Wang, Jun ; Tsonis, Anastasios A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Pan, Xinnong ; Wang, Geli ; Yang, Peicai ; Wang, Jun ; Tsonis, Anastasios A.</creatorcontrib><description>The variations in oceanic and atmospheric modes on various timescales play important roles in generating global and regional climate variability. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying the relationships between the variations in climate modes and regional climate variability, but these have rarely explored the interconnections among these climate modes. Here we use climate indices to represent the variations in major climate modes and examine the harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes using slow feature analysis (SFA) and wavelet analysis. We find that all of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in the climate indices can be represented as harmonics of four base periods: 2.32, 3.90, 6.55, and 11.02 years. We infer that the period of 2.32 years is associated with the signal of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The periods of 3.90 and 6.55 years are linked to the intrinsic variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the period of 11.02 years arises from the sunspot cycle. Results suggest that the base periods and their harmonic oscillations related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as key connections among the climatic modes with synchronous behaviors, highlighting the important roles of these three oscillations in the variability of the Earth's climate.
Highlights.
i. The harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes was investigated by using slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis.
ii. All of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in climate indices can be represented as the harmonics of four base periods.
iii. The four base periods related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as the key linkages among different climatic modes with synchronous behaviors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2190-4979</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2190-4987</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2190-4987</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.5194/esd-11-525-2020</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>GOTTINGEN: Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh</publisher><subject>Analysis ; Climate ; Climate change ; Climate variability ; Climatic indexes ; Drought ; El Nino ; El Nino phenomena ; El Nino-Southern Oscillation event ; Forces ; Geology ; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary ; Harmonic oscillation ; Interconnections ; Modes ; Oscillations ; Peak periods ; Physical Sciences ; Quasi-biennial oscillation ; Regional climates ; Science & Technology ; Southern Oscillation ; Sunspot cycle ; Sunspots ; Time series ; Variability ; Variation ; Wavelet analysis</subject><ispartof>Earth system dynamics, 2020-06, Vol.11 (2), p.525-535</ispartof><rights>2020. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>true</woscitedreferencessubscribed><woscitedreferencescount>3</woscitedreferencescount><woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid>wos000538588600001</woscitedreferencesoriginalsourcerecordid><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-18588662dc3e6aeb5598d57613157939f5186868569fa89018158e4583876c6f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-18588662dc3e6aeb5598d57613157939f5186868569fa89018158e4583876c6f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9429-6484</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,865,2103,2115,27929,27930,28253</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pan, Xinnong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Geli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Peicai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsonis, Anastasios A.</creatorcontrib><title>On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors</title><title>Earth system dynamics</title><addtitle>EARTH SYST DYNAM</addtitle><description>The variations in oceanic and atmospheric modes on various timescales play important roles in generating global and regional climate variability. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying the relationships between the variations in climate modes and regional climate variability, but these have rarely explored the interconnections among these climate modes. Here we use climate indices to represent the variations in major climate modes and examine the harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes using slow feature analysis (SFA) and wavelet analysis. We find that all of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in the climate indices can be represented as harmonics of four base periods: 2.32, 3.90, 6.55, and 11.02 years. We infer that the period of 2.32 years is associated with the signal of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The periods of 3.90 and 6.55 years are linked to the intrinsic variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the period of 11.02 years arises from the sunspot cycle. Results suggest that the base periods and their harmonic oscillations related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as key connections among the climatic modes with synchronous behaviors, highlighting the important roles of these three oscillations in the variability of the Earth's climate.
Highlights.
i. The harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes was investigated by using slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis.
ii. All of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in climate indices can be represented as the harmonics of four base periods.
iii. The four base periods related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as the key linkages among different climatic modes with synchronous behaviors.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Climate variability</subject><subject>Climatic indexes</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>El Nino</subject><subject>El Nino phenomena</subject><subject>El Nino-Southern Oscillation event</subject><subject>Forces</subject><subject>Geology</subject><subject>Geosciences, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Harmonic oscillation</subject><subject>Interconnections</subject><subject>Modes</subject><subject>Oscillations</subject><subject>Peak periods</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Quasi-biennial oscillation</subject><subject>Regional climates</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Southern Oscillation</subject><subject>Sunspot cycle</subject><subject>Sunspots</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Variability</subject><subject>Variation</subject><subject>Wavelet analysis</subject><issn>2190-4979</issn><issn>2190-4987</issn><issn>2190-4987</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1rXCEUxR8lgYQ062wfdFle4lWvH8sytE0gECjtWhyfJg7zNFWnpf99fZky6-rCy_Wc48XfMNwAuUXQ_M7XeQKYkOJECSXvhksKmkxcK3l2qqW-GK5r3ZG-UFDgeDl8e0pje_FjTM0Xl1PyrsWc6miXnJ7Hxe5yGd0-Lrb5ccmz7zdpXi2x9_PSVeNc4q_YxcG6lkt9P5wHu6_--t95Nfz48vn75n56fPr6sPn0ODkmRZtAoVJC0NkxL6zfImo1oxTAAKVmOiAo0TcKHazSBBSg8hwVU1I4EdjV8HDMnbPdmdfSZyx_TLbRvDVyeTa2tOj23titRjpTdEoFDkRaIMEyybc9SVIQPevDMeu15J8HX5vZ5UNJfXxDOXChKEXeVXdHlSu51uLD6VUgZuVgOgcDYDoHs3Lojo9Hx2-_zaG66JPzJ9fKgb19w4oEulr9v3oTm11RbfIhNfYXp2-ZgA</recordid><startdate>20200605</startdate><enddate>20200605</enddate><creator>Pan, Xinnong</creator><creator>Wang, Geli</creator><creator>Yang, Peicai</creator><creator>Wang, Jun</creator><creator>Tsonis, Anastasios A.</creator><general>Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh</general><general>Copernicus GmbH</general><general>Copernicus Publications</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BKSAR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>PCBAR</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-6484</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20200605</creationdate><title>On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors</title><author>Pan, Xinnong ; Wang, Geli ; Yang, Peicai ; Wang, Jun ; Tsonis, Anastasios A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c376t-18588662dc3e6aeb5598d57613157939f5186868569fa89018158e4583876c6f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Climate change</topic><topic>Climate variability</topic><topic>Climatic indexes</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>El Nino</topic><topic>El Nino phenomena</topic><topic>El Nino-Southern Oscillation event</topic><topic>Forces</topic><topic>Geology</topic><topic>Geosciences, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Harmonic oscillation</topic><topic>Interconnections</topic><topic>Modes</topic><topic>Oscillations</topic><topic>Peak periods</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Quasi-biennial oscillation</topic><topic>Regional climates</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Southern Oscillation</topic><topic>Sunspot cycle</topic><topic>Sunspots</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Variability</topic><topic>Variation</topic><topic>Wavelet analysis</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pan, Xinnong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Geli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Peicai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsonis, Anastasios A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Earth system dynamics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pan, Xinnong</au><au>Wang, Geli</au><au>Yang, Peicai</au><au>Wang, Jun</au><au>Tsonis, Anastasios A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors</atitle><jtitle>Earth system dynamics</jtitle><stitle>EARTH SYST DYNAM</stitle><date>2020-06-05</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>525</spage><epage>535</epage><pages>525-535</pages><issn>2190-4979</issn><issn>2190-4987</issn><eissn>2190-4987</eissn><abstract>The variations in oceanic and atmospheric modes on various timescales play important roles in generating global and regional climate variability. Many efforts have been devoted to identifying the relationships between the variations in climate modes and regional climate variability, but these have rarely explored the interconnections among these climate modes. Here we use climate indices to represent the variations in major climate modes and examine the harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes using slow feature analysis (SFA) and wavelet analysis. We find that all of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in the climate indices can be represented as harmonics of four base periods: 2.32, 3.90, 6.55, and 11.02 years. We infer that the period of 2.32 years is associated with the signal of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). The periods of 3.90 and 6.55 years are linked to the intrinsic variability of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and the period of 11.02 years arises from the sunspot cycle. Results suggest that the base periods and their harmonic oscillations related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as key connections among the climatic modes with synchronous behaviors, highlighting the important roles of these three oscillations in the variability of the Earth's climate.
Highlights.
i. The harmonic relationship among the driving forces of climate modes was investigated by using slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis.
ii. All of the significant peak periods of driving-force signals in climate indices can be represented as the harmonics of four base periods.
iii. The four base periods related to QBO, ENSO, and solar activities act as the key linkages among different climatic modes with synchronous behaviors.</abstract><cop>GOTTINGEN</cop><pub>Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh</pub><doi>10.5194/esd-11-525-2020</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-6484</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analysis Climate Climate change Climate variability Climatic indexes Drought El Nino El Nino phenomena El Nino-Southern Oscillation event Forces Geology Geosciences, Multidisciplinary Harmonic oscillation Interconnections Modes Oscillations Peak periods Physical Sciences Quasi-biennial oscillation Regional climates Science & Technology Southern Oscillation Sunspot cycle Sunspots Time series Variability Variation Wavelet analysis |
| title | On the interconnections among major climate modes and their common driving factors |
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